Instruction: Imagine you are the last person on Earth. Write a diary entry describing your thoughts and feelings.

Response:
Today is the 365th day that I've spent on this earth alone. While one year has passed, my days continue to remain the same. Every night, I wake up at 10:00pm, long before the scorching sunrise, to search for food, water, and any other essential items that I can cart back to my lonely den. My search concludes by 5:00am, which gives me a few hours before the first light and guaranteed death. The heat has become so destructive during the day, that I often find buildings and cars spontaneously up in flames during my nightly travels. It's becoming more and more difficult to find viable food that hasn't yet been burnt to a crisp.

My nocturnal transition is the only reason that I am alive today. I use to look up at the stars in anger that the universe could be so cruel. As time has passed, I have learned to forgive the dwarf star off to the east, as he is just as alone as I am and for far longer. Sometimes I feel ashamed that I don't have a plan other than simply surviving one more day. As the days heat up, so do the nights. It's likely only a matter of months before earth becomes uninhabitable at all hours of the day. I know my existence is becoming increasingly more finite, and even if there are others out there, their future is just as damning.


Instruction: Given a reference text about José Francisco Miguel António de Mendonça, tell me when he was appointed patriarch and when he died.

Context:
José Francisco Miguel António de Mendonça, or rather, Mendoça (Lisbon, October 2, 1725 - Lisbon, February 11, 1808), was the fifth Patriarch of Lisbon under the name of D. José II.

Biography
He was the son of Nuno Manuel de Mendoça, 4th Count of Vale de Reis, and his wife, D. Leonor Maria Antónia de Noronha. He was the younger brother of the 5th Count and 1st Count of Azambuja, and of D. João Rafael de Mendonça, Bishop of Porto.

He graduated in canon law, having been canon of the Patriarchal See of Lisbon, Monsignor and still principal of the same church.

José Mendonca succeeded D. Francisco de Lemos as rector of the University of Coimbra from 1780 to 1785. During his tenure he attempted introduce a number of reforms.

In 1786, he was appointed Patriarch of Lisbon. By 1792 he was still trying to get permission from the Real Mesa Censória (Royal Censorial Court) to publish two pastoral letters. A law passed on April 5, 1768 reaffirmed the right of "temporal sovereignty" over the prohibition of "pernicious books and papers" in the interest of political defense. As the Mesa had jurisdiction over all printed materials, this included pastoral letters.

Pope Pius VI made him a cardinal in 1788. He died in 1808 and his body is buried in the Convent of Grace.

Response: José Francisco Miguel António de Mendonça was appointed Patriarch of Lisbon in 1786 and died in 1808.


Instruction: From the passage, what awards did Shirley L. Fulton receive? List the awards using bullets with the year in which the award was given, in the form {year}: {award}

Context:
Shirley L. Fulton (January 2, 1952 – February 8, 2023) was an American judge and prosecutor. She was the first African American woman to serve as a judge in the Superior Court of North Carolina, a position she held for 14 years. Earlier in her career, she had served as the first black female prosecutor in Mecklenburg County, North Carolina.

In 2009, Fulton was the recipient of a Citizen Lawyer Award from the North Carolina Bar Association. In 2010, Fulton received the Order of the Long Leaf Pine in recognition of her service to North Carolina.

In 2014, Fulton was presented with the Chief Justice's Professionalism Award, "for her selfless dedication and commitment to the principles of professionalism and public service in North Carolina".

In 2018, Fulton was inducted as a Legal Legend of Color by the NCBA Minorities in the Profession Committee. Other accolades included the Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Medallion, awarded by the Charlotte Community Relations Committee.

Response:
* 2009: Citizen Lawyer Award
* 2010: Order of the Long Leaf Pine
* 2014: Chief Justice's Professionalism Award
* 2018: Legal Legend of Color

Another award that I for which I do not have a year is the Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Medallion award.


Instruction: Suggest a road trip in Washington state

Response: Visiting Olympic National Park, Mt Rainier, Mt Baker, Lake Chelan, Snoqualmie Falls, Moses Lake, and Bainbridge Island are all road trips that are very scenic and beautiful


Instruction: Why might I want to stay at home on a Friday night?

Response:
- You're feeling under the weather
- The weather outside is stormy and dangerous
- All your friends are busy and can't hang out with you
- There's nothing fun going on
- It's too crowded out there
- You need to binge watch the latest show


Instruction: Give me a list of the top 5 Colleen Hoover books

Response:
-It Ends with Us
-It Starts with Us
-Verity
-Ugly Love
-Reminders of Him


Instruction: Given a reference text about the incudomalleolar joint, tell me its main function.

Context:
The incudomalleolar joint (more correctly called incudomallear joint) or articulatio incudomallearis is a small synovial joint between the malleus (hammer) and the incus (anvil). The joint's function is to transfer vibrations between the ossicles in the middle ear, which is perceived as sound. Contrary to other synovial joints the movement is very limited. All of the ossicles move more or less as a unit, at least at low frequencies.

When the eardrum is moved inward due to sound vibrations, transferred through the outer ear, it transmits to the handle or manubrium of the malleus which is connected to the ear drum. The head of the malleus (caput mallei) moves with it and transfers energy/movement to the corpus of the incus (corpus incudis), which is located directly behind. The sound vibrations are then transferred to the stapes (stirrup) through the incudostapedial joint.

Response: The function of the incudomalleolar joint is to transfer vibrations between the ossicles in the middle ear.


Instruction: Why Bali is a perfect destination for a family holiday?

Response: Bali is a province in Indonesia. It is also called the Island of Paradise. Balinese culture was strongly influenced by Indian, Chinese, and particularly Hindu culture. There are many beautiful hotels & resorts, places of interest, and amazing selections of F&B outlets in Bali. It is a perfect destination for a family holiday because there are many activities that cater to all ages e.g. sightseeing for family, sea sports activities for young adults, romantic restaurants for couples, and kids clubs for the young ones. On top of that, Balinese people are very kind, sincere, and friendly.


Instruction: What album by Trans-X was released in 1983 and how many songs were on it?

Context: Living on Video (also known as Message on the Radio) is the first studio album by the Canadian synth-pop group Trans-X. Recorded and released in 1983 by Mantra Records, Message on the Radio was a seven-track album. Produced by Daniel Bernier, the record featured all instruments played by Pascal Languirand with Anne Brosseau on supporting vocals. The album was reissued in 1993 and contains a total of 14 tracks.

Response: Trans-X released the album Living on Video in 1983. It included 7 tracks.


Instruction: Tell me about Reno, Nevada.

Context:
Reno is a city in the northwest section of the U.S. state of Nevada, along the Nevada-California border, about 22 miles (35 km) north from Lake Tahoe, known as "The Biggest Little City in the World". Known for its casino and tourism industry, Reno is the county seat and largest city of Washoe County and sits in the High Eastern Sierra foothills, in the Truckee River valley, on the eastern side of the Sierra Nevada. The Reno metro area (along with the neighboring city Sparks) occupies a valley colloquially known as the Truckee Meadows which because of large-scale investments from Greater Seattle and San Francisco Bay Area companies such as Amazon, Tesla, Panasonic, Microsoft, Apple, and Google has become a new major technology center in the United States.

The city is named after Civil War Union Major General Jesse L. Reno, who was killed in action during the American Civil War at the Battle of South Mountain, on Fox's Gap.

Reno is part of the Reno–Sparks metropolitan area, the second-most populous metropolitan area in Nevada after the Las Vegas Valley. Known as Greater Reno, it includes Washoe, Storey, Lyon Counties, the independent city and state capital, Carson City, as well as parts of Placer and Nevada Counties in California. The city proper had a population of 264,165 at the 2020 census.

Response: Reno is a city in the United States state of Nevada and sits in the northwest section of the state, near the California state line. Reno is known as "The Biggest Little City in the World." Reno is known for it's casino & tourism industry and is the largest city in Washoe County. The city is named after Civil War Union Major General Jesse L. Reno, who was killed in action during the American Civil War. Reno is part of the Reno–Sparks metropolitan area, which is the second-most populous metropolitan area in the state of Nevada after the Las Vegas Valley.


Instruction: What NBA team has the most championships in the modern era? The modern era is defined as post NBA/ABA league merger, 24 second clock and three-point basket.

Response: The NBA professional basketball team with the most modern championships are the Los Angeles Lakers with 11 in 1980, 1982, 1985, 1987, 1988, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2009, 2010, 2020.


Instruction: From this passage tell me why Panama Canal is called one of the seven wonders of the modern world

Context:
The Panama Canal is an artificial 82 km (51 mi) waterway in Panama that connects the Atlantic Ocean with the Pacific Ocean and divides North and South America. The canal cuts across the Isthmus of Panama and is a conduit for maritime trade. One of the largest and most difficult engineering projects ever undertaken, the Panama Canal shortcut greatly reduces the time for ships to travel between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, enabling them to avoid the lengthy, hazardous Cape Horn route around the southernmost tip of South America via the Drake Passage or Strait of Magellan.

Colombia, France, and later the United States controlled the territory surrounding the canal during construction. France began work on the canal in 1881, but stopped because of lack of investors' confidence due to engineering problems and a high worker mortality rate. The United States took over the project on May 4, 1904, and opened the canal on August 15, 1914. The US continued to control the canal and surrounding Panama Canal Zone until the 1977 Torrijos–Carter Treaties provided for its handover to Panama. After a period of joint American–Panamanian control, the canal was taken over by the Panamanian government in 1999. It is now managed and operated by the government-owned Panama Canal Authority.

Canal locks at each end lift ships up to Gatun Lake, an artificial lake 26 meters (85 ft) above sea level, created to reduce the amount of excavation work required for the canal, and then lower the ships at the other end. The original locks are 33.5 meters (110 ft) wide. A third, wider lane of locks was constructed between September 2007 and May 2016. The expanded waterway began commercial operation on June 26, 2016. The new locks allow transit of larger, New Panamax ships.

Annual traffic has risen from about 1,000 ships in 1914, when the canal opened, to 14,702 vessels in 2008, for a total of 333.7 million Panama Canal/Universal Measurement System (PC/UMS) tons. By 2012, more than 815,000 vessels had passed through the canal. In 2017 it took ships an average of 11.38 hours to pass between the canal's two locks. The American Society of Civil Engineers has ranked the Panama Canal one of the seven wonders of the modern world.

Response: The American Society of Civil Engineers has ranked the Panama Canal one of the seven wonders of the modern world not only because it was one of the largest and most difficult engineering projects ever undertaken, but also because of its significant impact in maritime trade across the Atlantic and Pacific oceans near the Americas. It is a shortcut which greatly reduces the time for ships to travel between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, enabling them to avoid the lengthy, hazardous Cape Horn route around the southernmost tip of South America via the Drake Passage or Strait of Magellan.


Instruction: Which is a species of fish? Pearl or Pearlfish

Response: Pearlfish


Instruction: Where does the word plumbing originate from?

Response: "Plumbing" originates from the original name for Lead (Pb), Plumbum, which is what most pipes were made from at the time.


Instruction: What is grep used for?

Context: grep is a command-line utility for searching plain-text data sets for lines that match a regular expression. Its name comes from the ed command g/re/p (globally search for a regular expression and print matching lines), which has the same effect. "grep" was originally developed for the Unix operating system, but later available for all Unix-like systems and some others such as OS-9.

Response:
grep is a popular Unix command that is used to search plain-text data sets for lines that match a pattern or regular expression. grep (global regular expression print) was originally developed for the Unix operating system, but later available for all Unix-like systems.

An example of using the grep command to search for a keyword in a file: grep keyword file.txt

You can pipe the output of other commands into grep. For example, grep can be used to search a directory for a file: ls ~/Desktop | grep keyword


Instruction: What is the name of the meme crypto coin that Elon Musk made famous?

Response: Elon Musk brought attention to the crypto currency Dogecoin by tweeting the word "One word: Doge". This brought the coin into meme status with its value starting at $0.0047 and skyrocketing to $0.7376 by May 2021.


Instruction: What are the differences between a ukulele and guitar?

Response:
While a ukulele looks like a smaller version of a guitar, there are some notable differences.

A guitar has 6 strings and a ukulele has 4 strings. Because of this, the sound range of a ukulele is narrower than a guitar.

Looking from the front of a guitar, the thickness of the strings increases gradually from right to left. For a ukulele, the two outmost strings are the thinnest and the second left string is the thickest.

A ukulele is much smaller in the size, making it one of the most popular beginner instrument for kids.


Instruction: Help me understand how I would grow a garden in my backyard

Response: Growing a garden in your backyard requires yearlong dedication. Gardens can be composed of a variety of different types of plants and trees, depending on the size of the garden. Some plants are seasonal and must be re-planted every year. To plant such plants in your backyard, you will need to plant them usually in the winter or spring seasons. Then, you will need to regularly water those plants so that they bloom. Other plants and trees can be planted once and continue to grow year-round. These kinds of trees need to only be planted once and cared for regularly with water and fertilizer.


Instruction: What are the best types of pets for a family with kids?

Response: The most common family pets are dogs and cats. They are great with kids and very social by nature, they love interacting with their owners and easy to take care for. There are records of dogs being domesticated around 20,000 years ago while cats showing up around 10,000 years ago. Even though those are the two most common family pets, you will find many families have other animal classes like birds, reptiles, rodents, among other more exotic variations.


Instruction: Fix the typos and grammar in this paragraph

Context: "Let's Go" is a song by Canadian singer Shawn Desman. It was released in 2005 as the second single from his album Back for More. The songs heavily features a synthesizer phrase sampled from teh 1982 hits "Don't Go" by British new wave du Yazoo.

Response: "Let's Go" is a song by Canadian singer Shawn Desman. It was released in 2005 as the second single from his album Back for More. The song heavily features a synthesizer phrase sampled from the 1982 hit "Don't Go" by British new wave duo Yazoo.


Instruction: Based on the following passage what are positive and conventional current?

Context:
The movement of electric charge is known as an electric current, the intensity of which is usually measured in amperes. Current can consist of any moving charged particles; most commonly these are electrons, but any charge in motion constitutes a current. Electric current can flow through some things, electrical conductors, but will not flow through an electrical insulator.
By historical convention, a positive current is defined as having the same direction of flow as any positive charge it contains, or to flow from the most positive part of a circuit to the most negative part. Current defined in this manner is called conventional current. The motion of negatively charged electrons around an electric circuit, one of the most familiar forms of current, is thus deemed positive in the opposite direction to that of the electrons. However, depending on the conditions, an electric current can consist of a flow of charged particles in either direction, or even in both directions at once. The positive-to-negative convention is widely used to simplify this situation.
The process by which electric current passes through a material is termed electrical conduction, and its nature varies with that of the charged particles and the material through which they are travelling. Examples of electric currents include metallic conduction, where electrons flow through a conductor such as metal, and electrolysis, where ions (charged atoms) flow through liquids, or through plasmas such as electrical sparks. While the particles themselves can move quite slowly, sometimes with an average drift velocity only fractions of a millimetre per second, the electric field that drives them itself propagates at close to the speed of light, enabling electrical signals to pass rapidly along wires.
In engineering or household applications, current is often described as being either direct current (DC) or alternating current (AC). These terms refer to how the current varies in time. Direct current, as produced by example from a battery and required by most electronic devices, is a unidirectional flow from the positive part of a circuit to the negative. If, as is most common, this flow is carried by electrons, they will be travelling in the opposite direction. Alternating current is any current that reverses direction repeatedly; almost always this takes the form of a sine wave. Alternating current thus pulses back and forth within a conductor without the charge moving any net distance over time. The time-averaged value of an alternating current is zero, but it delivers energy in first one direction, and then the reverse. Alternating current is affected by electrical properties that are not observed under steady state direct current, such as inductance and capacitance. These properties however can become important when circuitry is subjected to transients, such as when first energised.

Response: By historical convention, a positive current is defined as having the same direction of flow as any positive charge it contains, or to flow from the most positive part of a circuit to the most negative part. Current defined in this manner is called conventional current.


Instruction: What are some interesting facts around Wilmer McLean's residencies when it comes to the American Civil War?

Context: Wilmer McLean (May 3, 1814 – June 5, 1882) was an American wholesale grocer from Virginia. His house, near Manassas, Virginia, was involved in the First Battle of Bull Run in 1861. After the battle, he moved to Appomattox, Virginia, to escape the war, thinking that it would be safe. Instead, in 1865, General Robert E. Lee surrendered to Ulysses S. Grant in McLean's house in Appomattox. His houses were, therefore, involved in one of the first and one of the last encounters of the American Civil War.

Response: He lived near Manassas, Virginia, where one for the first battles of the Civil War was fought, and then moved to Appomattox, also in Virginia, on this later home General Robert E. Lee surrendered to Ulysses S. Grant, near the end of the Civil War.


Instruction: What is ADO connection?

Response: A connection that uses the ActiveX Data Objects (ADO) data access interface.


Instruction: What is the last step before a star collapses into a black hole?

Response: Stars that have a higher mass than about 2.2 solar masses (the mass of our Sun) will typically collapse into black holes at the end of their life cycle when fusion has stopped and no longer pushes out against the inward pull of gravity. For stars of this mass, their inward pull of gravity is too strong to be resisted by other forces, thus their fate is to become black holes. However, stars under this limit and above the Chandrasekhar limit of 1.4 solar masses will end their lifecycles as neutron stars. Neutron stars are also the remnants of dead stars but since they have a smaller mass, their gravity is not enough for them to cross into becoming black holes. As the dead star compresses and becomes more and more dense, regular matter is turned into neutrons and the last force to resist the pull of gravity is called degenerate neutron pressure, which is a quantum effect that dictates that no two neutrons may be in the same quantum state. This creates an outward pressure that resists the pull of gravity and settles the star into a neutron star. If more mass is added later, from a star companion or other sources, once the star's mass crosses the limit of around 2.2 solar masses even degenerate neutron pressure isn't enough to balance gravity and the star will collapse into a black hole.


Instruction: Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Teponaztli, Tricordia

Response: Tricordia is string, Teponaztli is percussion.


Instruction: Why is the sky blue?

Response: Blue light is scattered in all directions by the tiny molecules of air in Earth's atmosphere. Blue is scattered more than other colors because it travels as shorter, smaller waves. This is why we see a blue sky most of the time.


Instruction: Who was Catelyn Stark originally betrothed to marry?

Response: Catelyn Stark (nee Tully) was supposed to marry Brandon Stark, the heir to Winterfell, but Brandon was killed by the Mad King and instead, Catelyn married the next in line to the Winterfell claim, Eddard Stark.


Instruction: Why is the immigration system broken?

Response: The immigration system is broken because it is based on outdated policies and procedures, and does not reflect the realities of today's global economy. The current system is too expensive and inefficient, and fails to provide a fair and equitable solution for all migrants.


Instruction: Tell me if these are cities or countries: Spain, Paris, Rome and Germany

Response: Spain and Germany are countries, while Paris and Rome are cities. They are all in Europe.


Instruction: If your child has been told that he or she has lice, what should you do?

Response:
The first thing is to buy a shampoo that is made to kill the lice. Lice only live on human scalps, and they lay tiny white eggs called nits. Once lice and/or nits are visually identified, immediately use the lice shampoo to thoroughly wash and clean the hair and scalp of your child. After the cleaning, carefully comb out the hair with a special nit comb, which has metal teeth very close together to most effectively get rid of the lice and the eggs. After shampooing and combing out, make sure to wash all bedding and any other furniture or rugs where there may have been head-to-fabric contact. Pillows and bedding must also be washed; if washing is not possible, then put the objects or fabrics in a plastic bag and store in a closet or garage for two weeks.

Check for any itching after cleaning and combing out the hair, and re-apply the shampoo if either lice or eggs are detected again.


Instruction: What was unique about Scrubs?

Context: Scrubs focuses on the unique point of view of its main character and narrator, Dr. John Michael "J.D." Dorian (Zach Braff) for the first eight seasons, with season nine being narrated by the new main character Lucy Bennett (Kerry Bishé). Most episodes feature multiple story lines thematically linked by voice-overs done by Braff, as well as the comical daydreams of J.D. According to Bill Lawrence, "What we decided was, rather than have it be a monotone narration, if it's going to be Zach's voice, we're going to do everything through J.D.'s eyes. It opened up a visual medium that those of us as comedy writers were not used to." Actors were given the chance to improvise their lines on set with encouragement by series creator Bill Lawrence, with Neil Flynn and Zach Braff being the main improvisors.

Response: Most episodes featured voice-overs done by Zach Braff (who stars as the main character, J.D.), as well as the comical daydreams of J.D. This opened up a unique visual medium that the comedy writers were not used to. Also, actors were given the chance to improvise their lines on set.


Instruction: What treatments is Iodine-125 used for?

Context:
Iodine-125 (125I) is a radioisotope of iodine which has uses in biological assays, nuclear medicine imaging and in radiation therapy as brachytherapy to treat a number of conditions, including prostate cancer, uveal melanomas, and brain tumors. It is the second longest-lived radioisotope of iodine, after iodine-129.
Its half-life is 59.49 days and it decays by electron capture to an excited state of tellurium-125. This state is not the metastable 125mTe, but rather a lower energy state that decays immediately by gamma decay with a maximum energy of 35 keV. Some of the excess energy of the excited 125Te may be internally converted ejected electrons (also at 35 keV), or to x-rays (from electron bremsstrahlung), and also a total of 21 Auger electrons, which are produced at the low energies of 50 to 500 electron volts. Eventually, stable ground state 125Te is produced as the final decay product.
In medical applications, the internal conversion and Auger electrons cause little damage outside the cell which contains the isotope atom. The X-rays and gamma rays are of low enough energy to deliver a higher radiation dose selectively to nearby tissues, in "permanent" brachytherapy where the isotope capsules are left in place (125I competes with palladium-103 in such uses)
Because of its relatively long half-life and emission of low-energy photons which can be detected by gamma-counter crystal detectors, 125I is a preferred isotope for tagging antibodies in radioimmunoassay and other gamma-counting procedures involving proteins outside the body. The same properties of the isotope make it useful for brachytherapy, and for certain nuclear medicine scanning procedures, in which it is attached to proteins (albumin or fibrinogen), and where a half-life longer than that provided by 123I is required for diagnostic or lab tests lasting several days.
Iodine-125 can be used in scanning/imaging the thyroid, but iodine-123 is preferred for this purpose, due to better radiation penetration and shorter half-life (13 hours). 125I is useful for glomerular filtration rate (GFR) testing in the diagnosis or monitoring of patients with kidney disease. Iodine-125 is used therapeutically in brachytherapy treatments of tumors. For radiotherapy ablation of tissues that absorb iodine (such as the thyroid), or that absorb an iodine-containing radiopharmaceutical, the beta-emitter iodine-131 is the preferred isotope.

Response: Iodine-125 is used in biological assays, nuclear medicine imaging and in radiation therapy as brachytherapy to treat a number of conditions, including prostate cancer, uveal melanomas, and brain tumors.


Instruction: Given a reference text about the 2022 Mazar-i-Sharif mosque bombing, how many people were injured and killed?

Context:
2022 Mazar-i-Sharif mosque bombing

On 21 April 2022, a powerful bomb rocked the Shia Seh Dokan mosque in Mazar-i-Sharif, Balkh Province, Afghanistan killing at least 31 people and injuring more than 87 others. The Islamic State – Khorasan Province claimed responsibility via Telegram.

Worshippers were performing the Zuhr prayer inside the mosque when the bomb exploded. Authorities counted 31 dead and at least 87 injured, six of whom were wounded critically.

The bombing was part of a series of attacks on the same day, including two explosions targeting Taliban officers in Kunduz and Khogyani District and a bombing that injured two Shia children in Kabul.

Response: At least 31 people were killed and more than 87 others were injured in the 2022 Mazar-i-Sharif mosque bombing.


Instruction: What type of effect does Coffee have on humans?

Context:
"Coffee is a beverage prepared from roasted coffee beans. Darkly colored, bitter, and slightly acidic, coffee has a stimulating effect on humans, primarily due to its caffeine content. It has the highest sales in the world market for hot drinks.

Seeds of the Coffee plant's fruits are separated to produce un-roasted green coffee beans. The beans are roasted and then ground into fine particles that are typically steeped in hot water before being filtered out, producing a cup of coffee. It is usually served hot, although chilled or iced coffee is common. Coffee can be prepared and presented in a variety of ways (e.g., espresso, French press, caffè latte, or already-brewed canned coffee). Sugar, sugar substitutes, milk, and cream are often used to mask the bitter taste or enhance the flavor."

Response: Coffee has a stimulating effect on humans, primarily due to its caffeine content.


Instruction: Which sea on Earth has no beaches

Response: Sargasso sea


Instruction: How many moons does Mars have?

Response: Mars has two moons, they were named Phobos and Deimos by the American astronomer Asaph Hall, who discovered them in August 1877.


Instruction: Based on the above passage find the different meanings of the word Vizier. Display the results in a comma separated format.

Context:
A vizier (/ˈvɪziər/; Arabic: وزير, romanized: wazīr; Persian: وزیر, romanized: vazīr), or wazir, is a high-ranking political advisor or minister in the near east. The Abbasid caliphs gave the title wazir to a minister formerly called katib (secretary), who was at first merely a helper but afterwards became the representative and successor of the dapir (official scribe or secretary) of the Sassanian kings.

In modern usage, the term has been used for government ministers in much of the Middle East and beyond.

Several alternative spellings are used in English, such as vizir, wazir, and vezir.

Vizier is suggested to be an Iranian word, from the Pahlavi root of vičir, which originally had the meaning of a decree, mandate, and command, but later as its use in Dinkard also suggests, came to mean judge or magistrate. Arthur Jeffery considers the word to be a "good Iranian" word, as it has a well-established root in Avestan language. The Pahlavi vičir, is in fact from the Avestan vīčira, which means deciding. This Avestan root is behind the Modern Persian form of the word which is večer which means judge. This etymology is also supported by Johnny Cheung and Richard Nelson Frye

Another possibility is that the etymology of the word is derived from the Arabic wazara ("to bear a burden"), from the Semitic root W-Z-R. The word is mentioned in the Quran, where Aaron is described as the wazir (helper) of Moses, as well as the word wizr (burden) which is also derived from the same root. It was later adopted as a title, in the form of wazīr āl Muḥammad ("Helper of the Family of Muhammad") by the proto-Shi'a leaders al-Mukhtar and Abu Salama. Under the Abbasid caliphs, the term acquired the meaning of "representative" or "deputy".

Response: a decree, mandate, command, judge, magistrate, representative, deputy


Instruction: Which of the following from this list are types of flowers and which are names of European countries: roses, Norway, tulips, the Netherlands, Sweden, France, Spain, Greece, Italy, and sunflowers.

Response: The types of flowers from this list are: tulips, roses and sunflowers. The European countries are Norway, the Netherlands, Sweden, France, Spain, Greece, and Italy.


Instruction: From the passage provided, extract the year which Presto Software Foundation was announced

Context:
Presto was originally designed and developed at Facebook, Inc. (later renamed Meta) for their data analysts to run interactive queries on its large data warehouse in Apache Hadoop. The first four developers were Martin Traverso, Dain Sundstrom, David Phillips, and Eric Hwang. Before Presto, the data analysts at Facebook relied on Apache Hive for running SQL analytics on their multi-petabyte data warehouse. Hive was deemed too slow for Facebook's scale and Presto was invented to fill the gap to run fast queries. Original development started in 2012 and deployed at Facebook later that year. In November 2013, Facebook announced its open source release.

In 2014, Netflix disclosed they used Presto on 10 petabytes of data stored in the Amazon Simple Storage Service (S3). In November, 2016, Amazon announced a service called Athena that was based on Presto. In 2017, Teradata spun out a company called Starburst Data to commercially support Presto, which included staff acquired from Hadapt in 2014. Teradata's QueryGrid software allowed Presto to access a Teradata relational database.

In January 2019, the Presto Software Foundation was announced. The foundation is a not-for-profit organization for the advancement of the Presto open source distributed SQL query engine. At the same time, Presto development forked: PrestoDB maintained by Facebook, and PrestoSQL maintained by the Presto Software Foundation, with some cross pollination of code.

In September 2019, Facebook donated PrestoDB to the Linux Foundation, establishing the Presto Foundation. Neither the creators of Presto, nor the top contributors and committers, were invited to join this foundation.

By 2020, all four of the original Presto developers had joined Starburst. In December 2020, PrestoSQL was rebranded as Trino, since Facebook had obtained a trademark on the name "Presto" (also donated to the Linux Foundation).

Another company called Ahana was announced in 2020, with seed funding from GV (formerly Google Ventures, an arm of Alphabet, Inc.), to commercialize the PrestoDB fork as a cloud service, while also offering an open-source version. A $20 million round of funding for Ahana was announced in August 202

Response: 2019


Instruction: Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Spinosaurus, Common Bottlenose Dolphin

Response: Common Bottlenose Dolphin is alive, Spinosaurus is extinct.


Instruction: Given this paragraph about blockchain, how did blockchain influence bitcoin cryptocurrency?

Context: Blockchains are typically managed by a peer-to-peer (P2P) computer network for use as a public distributed ledger, where nodes collectively adhere to a consensus algorithm protocol to add and validate new transaction blocks. Although blockchain records are not unalterable, since blockchain forks are possible, blockchains may be considered secure by design and exemplify a distributed computing system with high Byzantine fault tolerance. A blockchain was created by a person (or group of people) using the name (or pseudonym) Satoshi Nakamoto in 2008 to serve as the public distributed ledger for bitcoin cryptocurrency transactions, based on previous work by Stuart Haber, W. Scott Stornetta, and Dave Bayer. The implementation of the blockchain within bitcoin made it the first digital currency to solve the double-spending problem without the need of a trusted authority or central server. The bitcoin design has inspired other applications and blockchains that are readable by the public and are widely used by cryptocurrencies. The blockchain may be considered a type of payment rail.

Response: Blockchain is the technology that enables the existence of cryptocurrency and bitcoin is the name of the best-known cryptocurrency. The implementation of bitcoin using blockchain made it the first digital currency to solve the double-spending problem without the need of a trusted authority or central server. Bitcoin has inspired other applications and blockchains that are highly available, public, and are widely used by cryptocurrencies.


Instruction: What are the top 10 Hollywood movies liked by audiences

Response:
Gone with the Wind (1939) was voted the favorite film of Americans in a poll of 2,279 adults taken by Harris Interactive in 2008, and again in a follow-up poll of 2,276 adults in 2014.

Roman Holiday (1953) was voted the best foreign (i.e. non-Japanese) film of all time in a 1990 poll of about a million people organized by Japanese public broadcaster NHK.

The Godfather (1972) was voted number 1 by Entertainment Weekly's readers in 1999 and voted as number 1 in a Time Out readers' poll in 1998. The film was voted the "Greatest Movie of All Time" in September 2008 by 10,000 readers of Empire magazine, 150 people from the movie business, and 50 film critics. It also topped Empire's June 2017 poll of 20,000 readers.
The Empire Strikes Back (1980) was voted the best film of all time by over 250,000 readers of the Empire film magazine in 2015.

The Shawshank Redemption (1994) was voted the greatest film of all time by Empire readers in "The 201 Greatest Movies of All Time" poll taken in March 2006.

Titanic (1997) was voted the greatest hit of all time in a poll of 6,000 movie fans conducted by English-language newspaper China Daily in March 2008.

Shiri (1999) was voted the favorite film of Koreans with 11,918 votes in a 2002 online poll of 54,013 people conducted by Korean movie channel Orion Cinema Network.

The Lord of the Rings trilogy (2001–2003) was voted the favorite film of Australians in an audience poll for the Australian television special My Favourite Film in 2005. It was also voted the best film in a poll of 120,000 German voters for the TV special Die besten Filme aller Zeiten ("The best films of all time") in 2004.


Instruction: Did Paul Ernest Adolph ever served the military?

Context: Paul Ernest Adolph (August 4, 1901 – 17 June 1972) was an American medical missionary born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Paul served the China Inland Mission, now OMF International, from 1929 to 1941 then served in the US Army Medical Corps as a Major from 1941 to 1945. Paul returned to China to serve one last time from 1946 to 1949. After returning to the United States in 1949, he worked preparing missionaries for overseas work and restoring their health after contracting diseases. Once retired, Paul served at his sons' hospitals in central Ethiopia and Bangladesh. Paul opened two hospitals in Luan, Shansi and in Kaifeng, Henan and played a key role in the negotiations with Japanese military that kept hospitals open to Chinese populations during the Sino-Japanese war.

Response: Yes, Paul Ernest Adolph served in the US Army Medical Corps as a Major from 1941 to 1945.


Instruction: What is the fastest train in the world?

Response: Shanghai Maglev in Shanghai, China


Instruction: What year was the movie Big Trouble in Little China released?

Context: Big Trouble in Little China (also known as John Carpenter's Big Trouble in Little China) is a 1986 American fantasy action-comedy film directed by John Carpenter, and starring Kurt Russell, Kim Cattrall, Dennis Dun and James Hong. The film tells the story of truck driver Jack Burton (Russell), who helps his friend Wang Chi (Dun) rescue Wang's green-eyed fiancée from bandits in San Francisco's Chinatown. They go into the mysterious underworld beneath Chinatown, where they face an ancient sorcerer named David Lo Pan (Hong), who requires a woman with green eyes to marry him in order to be released from a centuries-old curse.

Response: 1986


Instruction: Sea or Mountain

Response: I believe Mountain are more attractive but Ocean has it's own beauty and this tropical weather definitely turn you on! SO 50% 50%


Instruction: What caused World War 1?

Response: There is no definite answer, however there are several speculations about what caused World War 1. An answer approved by many historians is the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand by the Black Hand, a Serbian nationalist organization. This assassination led to Austria-Hungary declaring war against Serbia. In response to this declaration, many countries joined forces under the guise of 'alliance'.


Instruction: Is karaoke fun?

Response: It depends. Some people like karaoke, and some don't. You might enjoy karaoke if, for example, you have an outgoing personality, like to sing or perform publicly, or enjoy bonding with others over music. Others might find karaoke to be loud or may not like listening to amateur performers, who at times can also be intoxicated if performing at a karaoke bar. In addition, when at a public location that offers karaoke, the songs are selected by the performer, so you cannot predict whether you will enjoy the music selection (unless you may happen to rent a private room where you can select all of the songs yourself, which is offered at certain karaoke institutions). Interestingly, whether or not you personally would consider yourself to have a good voice does not always determine how much you will enjoy karaoke.


Instruction: How many continents are in the world?

Response: There are seven continents in the world


Instruction: Please explain why adding more indexes to a relational database is not always beneficial for speeding up workloads.

Response: At a high level, an index over a specific table can speed up the execution of a query that accesses the table provided that the query references a compatible subset of columns that the index covers and that the cost of using the index is lower than alternatives (e.g., simply scanning the whole table or using another index). At the same time, the index needs to be kept up-to-date with the table, which means that each table update (insertion or deletion of new rows, or updates to existing rows for the columns that the index covers) will now cost more as the relational database system has to also propagate the update to the index. Thus, the usefulness of adding an index to a workload will depend on the fraction of queries that can benefit from the index, and on the mix of queries and updates.


Instruction: What are 5 different edible uses for Tomatoes?

Response:
- Marinara Sauce
- Salsa
- Hamburger Topping
- Bruschetta
- BLT


Instruction: From this reference text, what political party does Taylor Swift belong to?

Context:
Swift refrained from discussing politics early in her career, fearing it might influence people. Critics took issue with her previously apolitical stance despite her wealth and celebrity. Swift publicly voiced her political opinion for the first time in the 2018 United States elections, when she endorsed Democratic candidates in her home state, Tennessee. In 2019, Swift told The Guardian that when she started her country music career, she was advised against discussing politics by her label executives because of the consequences of the Dixie Chicks controversy, but finally decided to speak up after she became disillusioned with contemporary American politics and moved out of Big Machine.

She identifies as a pro-choice feminist, and is one of the founding signatories of the Time's Up movement against sexual harassment. She criticized the US Supreme Court's decision to overturn Roe v. Wade (1973) and end federal abortion rights in 2022. Swift advocates for LGBT rights, and has called for the passing of the Equality Act, which prohibits discrimination based on sex, sexual orientation, and gender identity. The New York Times wrote her 2011 music video for "Mean" had a positive impact on the LGBTQ+ community. Swift performed during WorldPride NYC 2019 at the Stonewall Inn, frequently deemed the birthplace of the modern gay rights movement. She has donated to the LGBT organizations Tennessee Equality Project and GLAAD.

Response: Taylor Swift is a democrat.


Instruction: Who was the greatest President of the United States of America?

Response: Abraham Lincoln, he served as our 16th president from 1861 until his assassination in 1865. He led the Union through the American Civil War to defend the nation as a constitutional union and succeeded in abolishing slavery. He was moderate Republican who started out as a Prairie lawyer.


Instruction: Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Tsymbaly, Yehu

Response: Yehu is string, Tsymbaly is percussion.


Instruction: Can you please explain the offside rule in Soccer?

Response:
Soccer is a sport played between two teams with 11 players each. Out of the 11 players one is a goalkeeper. The offside rule is fundamental in soccer to avoid players from gaining unfair advantage over the opposition. A player is in an offside position if they are closer to the opposition's goal line than the last defender of the opposition team.

The law states that a player is in an offside position if any of their body parts, except the hands and arms, are in the opponents' half of the pitch, and closer to the opponents' goal line than both the ball and the second-last defender.

Being in an offside position is not an offence in itself, but a player so positioned when the ball is played by a teammate can be judged guilty of an offside offence if they receive the ball or will otherwise become "involved in active play", will "interfere with an opponent", or will "gain an advantage" by being in that position. Offside is often considered one of the most difficult to understand aspects of the sport.


Instruction: Write a brief passage arguing for the use of genetically modified crops in agriculture.

Response: In recent times, genetically modified crops have developed a negative sentiment in popular culture. Much like the organic food movement of the 2000s, this change in sentiment is fueled by a general lack of scientific education. There is much more nuance to the issue than "genetically modified crops are bad". Often, people associate the term "GMO" with genetic modification in popular media, seeing it in the same light as cybernetic enhancement or cloning. Genetic modification, however, is not a mysterious science. It has a storied past throughout human history in the form of selective breeding. Almost every mass-harvested crop today has undergone "genetic modification" via selective breeding. Today, modern techniques for genetic modification are the same thing, only sped up. The key here is to make the connection between genetic modification as it has traditionally been done with the genetic modification that occurs today.


Instruction: What is the capital of Finland and when was it founded?

Response: The capital of Finland is Helsinki and it was founded on the 12th June, 1550. However Helsinki only became the Finnish capital in 1812. Before that the Finnish capital was Turku.


Instruction: Are there companies that build a plane end to end?

Context:
Few companies produce planes on a large scale. However, the production of a plane for one company is a process that actually involves dozens, or even hundreds, of other companies and plants, that produce the parts that go into the plane. For example, one company can be responsible for the production of the landing gear, while another one is responsible for the radar. The production of such parts is not limited to the same city or country; in the case of large plane manufacturing companies, such parts can come from all over the world.

The parts are sent to the main plant of the plane company, where the production line is located. In the case of large planes, production lines dedicated to the assembly of certain parts of the plane can exist, especially the wings and the fuselage

Response: A plane is typically not created by a single entity, but instead is a collaboration between numerous parts manufacturers and assemblers.


Instruction: Who did Donald's grandfather body guard for?

Context: Ross was born in Nairn, in Middlesex County, Ontario, the son of Donald Ross and Margaret Halbert. His grandfather was part of Duke Wellington's body guard at Waterloo, and was an escort to Napoleon Bonaparte on his exile to St. Helena. Ross was educated at Nairn Public School, and moved to Manitoba in 1874, where he worked on the first telegraph line. In 1877, he established a real estate business. Ross served on the Winnipeg City Council for eight years, the Winnipeg School Board for twenty-three years, and the Winnipeg Public Parks Board for eleven years. In 1880, he married Margaret McIvor.

Response: Donald's grandfather was a body guard for Duke Wellington.


Instruction: Provide me a 3 bulleted points summarizing the Los Angeles Lakers

Context:
The Los Angeles Lakers are an American professional basketball team based in Los Angeles. The Lakers compete in the National Basketball Association (NBA) as a member of the league's Western Conference Pacific Division. The Lakers play their home games at Crypto.com Arena, an arena shared with the NBA's Los Angeles Clippers, the Los Angeles Sparks of the Women's National Basketball Association, and the Los Angeles Kings of the National Hockey League. The Lakers are one of the most successful teams in the history of the NBA, and have won 17 NBA championships, tied with the Boston Celtics for the most in NBA history.

The franchise began with the 1947 purchase of a disbanded team, the Detroit Gems of the National Basketball League (NBL). The new team began playing in Minneapolis, Minnesota, calling themselves the Minneapolis Lakers. Initially a member of the NBL, the Lakers won the 1948 NBL championship before joining the rival Basketball Association of America, where they would win five of the next six championships, led by star George Mikan. After struggling financially in the late 1950s following Mikan's retirement, they relocated to Los Angeles before the 1960–61 season.

Response:
The Los Angeles Lakers are one of the most storied franchises in the NBA (national basketball association) with a strong fan base following. Here are a few important points to know about the Lakers:
- The lakers are a professional basketball team based in Los Angeles and play at the Crypto.com arena
- the team has won 17 NBA championships, which is tied for most all time
- the franchise initially started playing in Minnesota but relocated in 1960


Instruction: Where is Bogota located?

Response: Bogota is located in the country of Colombia. Bogota is the capital and the largest city of the country. Bogota was founded on August 6th, 1538 by Gonzalo Jimenez de Quesada and as of 2022 it has a population of about 8 million people. Within Colombia, the city is located in the department of Cundinamarca.


Instruction: What is Barbacoa?

Context: Barbacoa is a form of cooking meat that originated in the Caribbean with the Taíno people, who called it by the Arawak word barbaca, from which the term "barbacoa" derives, and ultimately, the word 'barbecue". In contemporary Mexico, it generally refers to meats or whole sheep or whole goats slow-cooked over an open fire or, more traditionally, in a hole dug in the ground covered with agave (maguey) leaves, although the interpretation is loose, and in the present day (and in some cases) may refer to meat steamed until tender. This meat is known for its high fat content and strong flavor, often accompanied with onions and cilantro (coriander leaf).

Response: Barbacoa is a style of slow-cooking meat from the Caribbean area. In Mexico, it's generally used on sheep or goats that are buried in the ground and covered with leaves after roasting. Typical seasonings included onions and cilantro.


Instruction: What are all of the professional football teams in the state of California?

Response: The professional football teams in the state of California are the Los Angeles Rams, Los Angeles Chargers, and San Francisco 49ers.


Instruction: What provoked the civil unrest incidents which started in 19th January 2023 in France based on the below passage?

Context:
A series of civil unrest incidents began in France on 19 January 2023, organised by opponents of the pension reform bill proposed by the Borne government, which would increase the retirement age from 62 to 64 years old. The strikes have led to widespread disruption, including garbage piling up in the streets and public transport cancellations. In March, the government used Article 49.3 of the constitution to force the bill through the French Parliament, sparking more protests and two failed no confidence votes, contributing to an increase in violence in protests alongside the union-organised strike action.
Several organizations, including human rights groups such as Reporters Without Borders and France's Human Rights League condemned France's crackdown on protests and also denounced the assault on journalists. In addition, the Council of Europe also criticised the "excessive use of force by agents of the state".

Response: The civil unrest in France on 19 January 2023 was provoked by the new proposal from the Borne government to increase retirement age.The current retirement age is 62, which is proposed to be increased to 64. Opponents of the bill organised protests against the government who used Article 49.3 of the constitution to force the bill through the parliament .


Instruction: Which full-frame mirrorless camera was first available in the market?

Context: Sony was the first to introduce a full-frame mirrorless camera, the α7, in 2013.

Response: Sony α7 in 2013


Instruction: Which characters belong to DC or Marvel Universe? Harvey Dent, Wilson Fisk

Response: Harvey Dent is DC, Wilson Fisk is Marvel


Instruction: Give me a list of some characteristics of a good coffee shop?

Response:
Some characteristics of good coffee shops include:
- Very good coffee, either freshly roasted locally or acquired from a quality roaster
- High end coffee grinders, brewing machines, and a high quality espresso machine and well-trained baristas
- Different coffee roast options (i.e. medium roast, dark roast) and brewing methods (i.e. drip coffee and pour-over) available
- A variety of cafe fare, such as pastries and croissants, available for purchase to accompany coffee
- Ample seating, with power outlets available by most seats.


Instruction: What was gangsters George Nelsons nickname

Response: Baby Face


Instruction: List the sweet culinary specialities of New Orleans from this provided passage

Context: New Orleans is known for specialties including beignets (locally pronounced like "ben-yays"), square-shaped fried dough that could be called "French doughnuts" (served with café au lait made with a blend of coffee and chicory rather than only coffee); and po' boy and Italian muffuletta sandwiches; Gulf oysters on the half-shell, fried oysters, boiled crawfish and other seafood; étouffée, jambalaya, gumbo and other Creole dishes; and the Monday favorite of red beans and rice (Louis Armstrong often signed his letters, "Red beans and ricely yours"). Another New Orleans specialty is the praline locally, a candy made with brown sugar, granulated sugar, cream, butter, and pecans. The city offers notable street food including the Asian inspired beef Yaka mein.

Response:
The sweet culinary specialities of New Orleans include:
- Beignets: Square shaped fried dough similar to donuts
- Praline: A candy made with sugar, cream and pecans


Instruction: Name one science fiction book from China

Response: Three body problem is good science fiction, which win Hugo Award for best novel in 2015. It makes a good story about time and civilization. It also describes reactions from different people when they know the existence of aliens.


Instruction: Provide a comma separated list of all the universities listed in this passage

Context: In addition, she has presented on the topic of synesthesia at a number of universities including Yale University, Princeton University, the University of California, San Diego, Rockefeller University, the University of Virginia, the University of Almería, the University of Jaén, Stockholm University and others. Duffy was invited to be a Plenary Speaker on synesthesia at the "Towards a Science of Consciousness" conference at University of Arizona in Tucson. She is a co-founder of and consultant to the American Synesthesia Association.

Response: Yale University, Princeton University, the University of California, San Diego, Rockefeller University, the University of Virginia, the University of Almería, the University of Jaén, Stockholm University, University of Arizona


Instruction: Imagine you are the last person on Earth. Write a diary entry describing your thoughts and feelings.

Response: I finally witness the day when humanity was brought to an end. It wasn't due to a technological explosion, depletion of resources, or uncontrolled wars. It was arrogance, the innate arrogance of humanity, that brought everything to an end. And now, this is the end of my life but will also mark the beginning of all cycles.


Instruction: Why do kids like to play video games so much these days?

Response: First, video games are fun and very addictive. The game is designed to transport us to new realities and satisfy our needs for achievement and recognition. Especially most of the young generation plays online games, they use that as a social activity to hang out and make new friends. In addition, kids now have fewer outdoor activities and stay home longer than before. so playing video games is the easiest way to entertain themselves and engage with their friends.


Instruction: Please give short summary of Habiaganj Bazar railway station based on below

Context:
Habiganj Bazar–Shaistaganj–Balla line During the colonial British rule, train services were started by rail at Habiganj Mahukuma in Sylhet district of the then (Undivided British-India) Assam province. In 1928, the British government built the Habiganj Bazar-Shaistaganj-Balla line as railway line and built infrastructure.

The railway line was opened by the Assam Bengal Railway by the then British government from Habiganj district headquarters town to Balla border via Shaistaganj junction, about 45 or 52 kilometers long railway line.

Of these, the Shaistaganj-Habiganj (15 or 16 km) railway line was inaugurated in 1928 and the Shaistaganj-Balla (30 or 36 km) railway line was inaugurated in 1929.

Coal-engined trains used to run between eight stations at Habiganj Bazar, Habiganj Court, Shaistaganj Junction, Shakir Mohammad, Chunarughat, Amuroad, Assampara and Balla bordering Tripura.

Of these, Chunarughat, Amur road and Assampara stations were of great importance. Tea produced in 22 tea gardens from those three stations was transported by rail.

At that time, this railway was the only means of exporting tea leaves of 13 gardens of Chunarughat upazila of Habiganj at a low cost and importing related items including garden rations.

There are a total of 4 stations on the Shaistaganj-Habiganj railway line (excluding Shaistaganj Junction), namely: Habiganj Bazar, Habiganj Court, Dhuliakhal and Paikpara. The Shaistaganj-Balla railway line has a total of 7 stations (excluding Shaistaganj Junction), namely: Barkula, Shakir Muhammed, Sutang Bazar, Chunarughat, Amu Road, Assampara and Balla.

After the independence of Bangladesh, the importance of the Balla train increased further. For this reason, the railway authorities built two more stations named Sutang Bazar and Barkula, known as remote areas.

At that time, the role of the train in bringing back refugees from India was commendable. At that time, a diesel engine was added to the ballar train. The train used to travel twice a day from Habiganj to the border station Balla.

After the end of the refugee transportation phase, the smugglers took over the train in Balla. Later, the train of Balla became a train of smugglers. At first, the passengers protested about this, but later the passengers got the opportunity to travel without a ticket.

In such a situation, the running train suffered losses. The railway authorities suspended the renovation work of the railway line.

Response:
Habiaganj Bazar railway opened in 1928 in Sylhet district. The Habiaganj railway line operated from Habiganj district headquarters town to the Balla border via Shaistaganj junction. Coal-engined trains used to run between eight stations: Habiganj Bazar, Habiganj Court, Shaistaganj Junction, Shakir Mohammad, Chunarughat, Amuroad, Assampara, and Balla bordering Tripura. At that time, this railway was the only means of exporting tea leaves from the 13 gardens in Chunarughat upazila of Habiganj at a low cost.
After the independence of Bangladesh, the importance of the Balla train increased. The train's role at the time was to bring refugees back from India with an added diesel engine. The train used to travel twice a day from Habiganj to the border station at Balla. After the end of the refugee transportation phase, the train of BALAS became the train of smugglers. Initially, passengers protested, but the train suffered losses as they could travel without a ticket. Because of losses, train authorities suspended the renovation work.


Instruction: What is the best location for an all-season vacation home with proximity to Philadelphia?

Response: There are many options with lakes, mountains and beaches within 150 miles of Philadelphia. Rehoboth Beach, Dewey Beach and Bethany Beach Delaware are accessible and family-friendly destinations that have something for everyone; with beautiful parks, free beaches and tax-free outlet shopping. There is also a vibrant restaurant scene with top-notch seafood and highly-rated breweries that remain open year-round.


Instruction: What state is known as the Lone Star State?

Response: Texas.


Instruction: Classify each of the following items as being found in a gym or a bar: Dumbbells, Tequila, Vodka, Barbells, Basketball Court, Beer, Sauna, Locker Room

Response:
Dumbbells: Gym
Tequila: Bar
Vodka: Bar
Barbells: Gym
Basketball Court: Gym
Beer: Bar
Sauna: Gym
Locker Room: Gym


Instruction: What is pseudoscience?

Context: The demarcation between science and pseudoscience has scientific, philosophical, and political implications. Philosophers debate the nature of science and the general criteria for drawing the line between scientific theories and pseudoscientific beliefs, but there is widespread agreement "that creationism, astrology, homeopathy, Kirlian photography, dowsing, ufology, ancient astronaut theory, Holocaust denialism, Velikovskian catastrophism, and climate change denialism are pseudosciences." There are implications for health care, the use of expert testimony, and weighing environmental policies.Addressing pseudoscience is part of science education and developing scientific literacy

Response: Which is not based on mainstream factual science.


Instruction: Given a reference text about Rraboshtë, tell me what the village is known for and what country it's in.

Context:
Rraboshtë is a village located in the former Kallmet municipality, Lezhë County, northwestern Albania. At the 2015 local government reform it became part of the municipality Lezhë. The village is situated near the river Drin, about 4 km north of the city Lezhë. Nearby mountains include Mali Kastriot and Mali i Velës.

In Rraboshtë there is also a church named Te Ngjiturit e Zojës ne Qiell but also a school.

Rraboshta is divided into four main mahalla ("quarter" or "neighbourhood"), that of the Tatej, Pemaj, Ballije, and Mahalla e Poshtme. The majority of brotherhoods descend from Mirdita, the tribal and ethnographic region located to the east of Rraboshtë, with most having arrived from Orosh and Spaç. Examples include the Tatej (Spaçi) and Pemaj (Oroshi). However, there are other minor brotherhoods who trace their ancestry to some of the other regions of northern Albania. The Robi arrived from Dibra in north-eastern Albania while the descendants of Gjon Paloka (the Vokërr Pali) came from Kelmend in Malësia.

The villagers of Rraboshtë are known for their patriotism and for preserving the traditions and customs of the areas where they came from. The traditional dress is the kalmetore and mirditore dress. The inhabitants of this village are usually engaged in agriculture and livestock. They are famous for the production of grape varieties and the cultivation of this product.

Response: Rraboshtë is located in Albania and is known for producing grape varieties.


Instruction: Tell me which of the following cartoon characters are in Bluey: Chilli, Tom, Jerry, Bandit, Bluey, Peppa, Mickey, Scooby, Bingo, Chester.

Response: Chilli, Bandit, Bluey and Bingo are characters that appear in Bluey. Tom, Jerry, Peppa, Mickey, Scooby and Chester appear in different shows other than Bluey.


Instruction: Tell me a bulleted list of events that happened in this paragraph grouped by year

Context: The Purdue University football team traces its origin back to October 29, 1887, when its team fell to Butler College by a score of 48–6 in Indianapolis, Indiana. A group of students at Purdue University formed the school's first football team in 1887. Albert Berg was hired as the coach. Despite being deaf, Berg was reportedly "the only man in the territory with any knowledge of the game." Berg was 23 years old when he became Purdue's football "coacher." He was paid $1 for each lesson he gave to the newly organized football team and had only one week to prepare the team for its first game. The 1887 Purdue team played its only game on October 29, 1887, against the Butler College team at Athletic Park in Indianapolis. Butler soundly defeated Berg's squad by a score of 48–6. After the loss to Butler, Purdue did not field a football team again until 1889.

Response:
Sure, here is a bulleted list of events that happened in the mentioned paragraph grouped by year:

1887
* A group of students at Purdue University formed the school's first football team
* Albert Berg was hired as the coach
* On October 29, 1887, Purdue University football team fell to Butler College by a score of 48–6 in Indianapolis, Indiana

1889
* First time that Purdue fielded a football team since their loss to Butler College on October 29, 1887


Instruction: Who was the first American to win a Nobel Peace?

Response: Theodore Roosevelt


Instruction: I need to work out which of the following plants are edible and which are not: coleus, dandelions, yellow oleander, foxglove, roses, deadly nightshade, forsythia, begonia, angel's trumpets.

Response: Yellow oleander, foxglove, deadly nightshade, and angel's trumpet are all poisonous plants and should not be eaten. Coleus, dandelion, roses, forsythia, begonia are edible plants.


Instruction: Of the living animal species which have been described, which group has the most?

Context: Animals are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms in the biological kingdom Animalia. With few exceptions, animals consume organic material, breathe oxygen, are able to move, can reproduce sexually, and grow from a hollow sphere of cells, the blastula, during embryonic development. As of 2022, 2.16 million living animal species have been described—of which around 1.05 million are insects, over 36,000 are fishes, around 11,700 are reptiles, over 11,100 are birds, and 6,596 mammals—but it has been estimated there are around 7.77 million animal species in total. Animals range in length from 8.5 micrometres (0.00033 in) to 33.6 metres (110 ft). They have complex interactions with each other and their environments, forming intricate food webs. The scientific study of animals is known as zoology.

Response: There are 1.05 million (1,050,000) insect species, which is the largest group in the animal kingdom.


Instruction: On which day did Theodore Roosevelt lose both his first wife and his mother?

Response: February 14, 1884.


Instruction: Please write some key points on Booker prize from the given passage.

Context: The 2022 Booker Prize was a literary award given for the best English novel of the year. It was announced on 17 October 2022, during a ceremony hosted by Sophie Duker at the Roundhouse in London. The longlist was announced on 26 July 2022. The shortlist was announced on 6 September. Leila Mottley, at 20, was the youngest longlisted writer to date, and Alan Garner, at 87, the oldest. The majority of the 13 titles were from independent publishers. The prize was awarded to Shehan Karunatilaka for his novel, The Seven Moons of Maali Almeida, receiving £50,000. He is the second Sri Lankan to win the prize, after Michael Ondaatje

Response:
1. The 2022 Booker Prize was a literary honour presented to the year's top English novel.
2. It was revealed on October 17, 2022, at a ceremony Sophie Duker presided over at London's Roundhouse.
3. On July 26, 2022, the longlist was announced.
4. On September 6th, the shortlist was announced.
5. Alan Garner, aged 87, was the oldest longlisted author to date, and Leila Mottley, at 20 years old, was the youngest.
6. Independent publ ishers produced the majority of the 13 books.
7. Shehan Karunatilaka received the award and £50,000 for his book The Seven Moons of Maali Almeida.
8. After Michael Ondaatje, he is the second Sri Lankan to win the award.


Instruction: My air conditioner quit working how do I fix it?

Response: If your air conditioner quit working you may find it to be extremely hot in the building or house you are in. If you are in a building you will want to contact building management first and let them know about the problem and then you will want to remove yourself from the area that is very hot to prevent heat exhaustion. If you are in a house you will want to call a service technician to get your air conditioner fixed. It may be quite costly to get it fixed depending on the problem, and you might want to consider a home warranty in order to keep your costs down if you don't already have one. Next you will want to stay with a friend or family member in their house if its too hot in your house to stay there.


Instruction: What is the capital of Mongolia?

Context: Mongolia (/mɒŋˈɡoʊliə/ (listen)) is a landlocked country in East Asia, bordered by Russia to the north and China to the south. It covers an area of 1,564,116 square kilometres (603,909 square miles), with a population of just 3.3 million, making it the world's most sparsely populated sovereign nation. Mongolia is the world's largest landlocked country that does not border a closed sea, and much of its area is covered by grassy steppe, with mountains to the north and west and the Gobi Desert to the south. Ulaanbaatar, the capital and largest city, is home to roughly half of the country's population.

Response: Ulaanbaatar is the capital of Mongolia


Instruction: How did Kdramas become so popular?

Response: Korean dramas or Kdramas have been popular for over 2 decades now. However, the rise in popularity shot up during the pandemic. Kdramas were initially watched by people in Southeast Asian countries and in some places in South Asia. When the pandemic hit, a lot of Kdramas were available on Netflix making it easier for people to watch them. With word of mouth, this soon spread and more and more users were watching Kdramas. Netflix took advantage of this viewership and started making dramas of their own or buying rights for dramas to be streaming exclusively on Netflix. This soon led to Disney and other platforms making dramas of their own. Kpop has also helped in attracting viewers. Whether it's the captivating story plot, the acting, actors or action, the Hallyu wave has spread throughout the world.


Instruction: Why do people think that cricket is a boring sport?

Response:
People think that cricket is a boring sport because they fundamentally do not understand how the various forms of the game work and what their respective laws are. They are blind to its beauty.

There are three main forms of cricket, T20 (lasting approximately three to four hrs), One Day (lasting a playing day) and First Class/Test Matches (lasting four to five playing days).

Each form of the game includes specific laws but fundamentally the objective is to score more runs than your opponents whilst giving away fewer wickets. It is a game of real skill and strategy, requiring physical fitness, agility, strength and stamina as well as mental rigour, concentration, resilience and also stamina.

In the longest form of the game, it is indeed a possible outcome that two teams can play each other for five days and a DRAW is still possible. It is the hardest sport in the world to win if you can play for five days and still not win!

How can anyone say that's boring...?


Instruction: Give me a list of the past five Malaysian Prime Ministers

Response:
The five most recent Prime Ministers of Malaysia (including the current) are:
1. Anwar Ibrahim (since 2022)
2. Ismail Sabri Yaakob (2021-2022)
3. Muhyiddin Yassin (2020-2021)
4. Mahathir Mohamad (2018-2020)
5. Najib Razak (2009-2018)


Instruction: Given this paragraph that describes the country of Peru, what is its population size?

Context: Peru, officially the Republic of Peru (Spanish: República del Perú (help·info)), is a country in western South America. It is bordered in the north by Ecuador and Colombia, in the east by Brazil, in the southeast by Bolivia, in the south by Chile, and in the south and west by the Pacific Ocean. Peru is a megadiverse country with habitats ranging from the arid plains of the Pacific coastal region in the west to the peaks of the Andes mountains extending from the north to the southeast of the country to the tropical Amazon basin rainforest in the east with the Amazon River. Peru has a population of over 34 million, and its capital and largest city is Lima. At 1,285,216 km2 (496,225 sq mi), Peru is the 19th largest country in the world, and the third largest in South America.

Response: Peru has a population of over 34 million people.


Instruction: What is a homonym?

Response: Homonyms are words that are pronounced the same but have different meanings. Although the words sound the same when pronounced, they are not spelled the same. An example is the word deer, also spelled dear. These words have very different meanings in the english language. Homonyms can be found in all languages around the world.


Instruction: What is CAPTCHA?

Response: CAPTCHA (Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart) is a type of challenge-response test used in computing to determine whether the user is human.


Instruction: How can I reduce my carbon footprint?

Response: There are several ways to reduce an individual's carbon footprint. It can be done by reducing your utilization of motor vehicles powered by fossil fuels like diesel or gasoline, including cars, airplanes, boats, trains and trucks. It is also possible to reduce your carbon footprint by easy changes in your lifestyle such as adjusting your thermostat so that you don't heat your house too hot in the winter or too cold in the summer, reducing your red meat intake and sourcing your electricity from renewable energy providers. It is also possible to reduce your carbon footprint by improving your home's energy efficiency by using energy efficient appliances, windows, water heaters and HVAC systems.


Instruction: Who is the Ferrari formula 1 team principal?

Response: The Scuderia Ferrari Team Principal is Fred Vasseur


Instruction: Identify which car manufacturer is French or American: Bugatti, GMC, Dodge

Response: Bugatti is French, GMC and Dodge is American


Instruction: Write a story where a princess discovers an abandon cave. The story should have a beginning, middle and end.

Response:
Once upon a time there was a princess who was the most beautiful and lovely in all of the land. She was so beautiful and kind in fact that many were jealous of her. This jealousy grew as she became more and more beautiful and kin with each passing day.

There was one person who was the most jealous of all. Her name was Hilda. She lived outside of town in an abandon shack. It was rumored she had magical powers that she would use for evil. One day she decided to user her magic trap the princess.

One day the princess was was walking in the forest and came upon a small cave. She hadn't noticed this cave before as this was her favorite area to explore. She was surprised to see it but also quite happy as she loved to find new things on her long walks. She could see something sparkling inside the cave. She was drawn to the pretty colors and what looked like gold and silver.

She crawled into the cave, however when she did so she saw had been tricked and the cage with the gold and silver was just an illusion. She had actually walked into a giant cage. Hilda had tricked her! She began to cry for she did not know how she would get out of this situation.

Days passed and the princess was becoming very worried and sad that no one would ever find her.

Luckily, there was a friendly troll who lived in a neighboring part of the forest. One day he was out gathering mushrooms for his dinner that night when he heard a small whimpering coming from Hilda's home. He looked in the window and saw the princess. He gasped in disbelief. He decided he had to come up with a plan to save her.

He was very knowledgeable about plans in the forest and their secret powers. He knew of certain mushrooms that could cast a spell on a person and make them very drowsy. He decided he would slip one of these in Hilda's food so she would fall asleep and he could free the princess.

The next day while Hilda was taking a bath, he snuck into the house and dropped some of the mushrooms into the soup she was brewing on the stove. he quickly went outside to then hide in the bushes and watch to see what would happen.

Hilda came out after taking her bath and getting ready. She laughed as she saw the sad princess in her cage. She then began to pour herself a little bowl of soup for breakfast. After taking a few sips she began to feel very very sleepy. She decided she must lay down at once.

It had worked! The troll was delighted and quickly entered the house. However, he realized once inside that he did not know where the key was to the cage! The princess whispered that Hilda often kept it in her pocket. "Oh no!" he thought. He hadn't thought this through and if he reached into Hilda's pocket he ran the risk of waking her up at which point she would surely cast a spell on him and he and the princess would be doomed.

He crept quietly toward her. Her pockets were covered by her arms. He lifted one gently. She snored a bit and turned over. It scared him but she seemed to still be asleep. he tried again. This time being more quiet. He was able to get the key out. Success! He quickly went over to the cage and was able to free the princess!

She returned home to her village and told everyone what a hero the Troll was. The Troll ended up opening a shop in the town where he sold his magic mushrooms.


Instruction: Who is the author of Harry Potter?

Response: J.K. Rowling is the British author of the seven-volume Harry Potter series


Instruction: Name three dishes that were developed from conditions of scarcity or having to "make do” with available materials or ingredients.

Response:
1. Bouillabaisse - a French seafood stew, originated with making do with whatever catch a fisherman couldn’t sell.
2. Congee - an Asian dish which involves a small amount of rice being cooked in water to a large volume of rice porridge; the idea is to stretch rice and feed more people with less food; often served at times of famine in the old days.
3. Budae Jjigae - a Korean stew also known as Army Stew; it came about after Korean when resourceful Koreans were starving and salvaged the American leftover canned food (e.g. spam, beans, hotdogs, etc.) to make stew with kimchi and instant noodles.


Instruction: Write me a text to someone I work with asking them to cover my shift because I got sick. Use a polite tone.

Response: Hi <insert name here>, I’m running a fever and my doctor recommended I find someone else to take my shift. Unfortunately it’s contagious and I’m worried that I’ll get everyone else sick if I go. Is there any chance you could step in for me? I’ll owe you one big time, but totally get it if this is too last minute. Let me know!


Instruction: Please give me a comma separated list of the countries that signed the North Atlantic Treaty in April 1949 given the text below

Context: The Treaty of Dunkirk was signed by France and the United Kingdom on 4 March 1947, during the aftermath of World War II and the start of the Cold War, as a Treaty of Alliance and Mutual Assistance in the event of possible attacks by Germany or the Soviet Union. In March 1948, this alliance was expanded in the Treaty of Brussels to include the Benelux countries, forming the Brussels Treaty Organization, commonly known as the Western Union. Talks for a wider military alliance, which could include North America, also began that month in the United States, where their foreign policy under the Truman Doctrine promoted international solidarity against actions they saw as communist aggression, such as the February 1948 coup d'état in Czechoslovakia. These talks resulted in the signature of the North Atlantic Treaty on 4 April 1949 by the member states of the Western Union plus the United States, Canada, Portugal, Italy, Norway, Denmark, and Iceland. Canadian diplomat Lester B. Pearson was a key author and drafter of the treaty.

Response: France, United Kingdom, Belgium, Luxembourg , Netherlands, United States, Canada, Portugal, Italy, Norway, Denmark, Iceland


Instruction: Why is Pickleball sport so popular

Response: Pickleball is so popular because anyone can get started fairly easily, as the equipment is not expensive, and there are lot of freely available public courts to play. It is also an easy sport to quickly pick up and able to play at a decent level recreationally and competitively.


Instruction: What high school did Tyrone Brazelton go to?

Context: Born in Chicago, Illinois, Brazelton initially played basketball for the Rich East High School, but transferred to the rival Rich Central High School during his senior year. He led the latter team to a championship in the Big Dipper tournament and was named as the most valuable player of the tournament.

Response: Tyrone Brazelton attended Rich East High School and then transferred to Rich Central High School for his senior year.


Instruction: Who are the last 10 Masters Champions?

Response:
2022 — Scottie Scheffler
2021 — Hideki Matsuyama
2020 — Dustin Johnson
2019 — Tiger Woods
2018 — Patrick Reed
2017 — Sergio Garcia
2016 — Danny Willett
2015 — Jordan Spieth
2014 — Bubba Watson
2013 — Adam Scott


Instruction: What is the difference between a clan and a tribe

Context:
In different cultures and situations, a clan usually has different meaning than other kin-based groups, such as tribes and bands. Often, the distinguishing factor is that a clan is a smaller, integral part of a larger society such as a tribe, chiefdom, or a state. In some societies, clans may have an official leader such as a chief, matriarch or patriarch; or such leadership role is performed by elders. In others, leadership positions may have to be achieved.

The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldwide usage of the term in English is in the discipline of anthropology. Its definition is contested, in part due to conflicting theoretical understandings of social and kinship structures, and also reflecting the problematic application of this concept to extremely diverse human societies. The concept is often contrasted by anthropologists with other social and kinship groups, being hierarchically larger than a lineage or clan, but smaller than a chiefdom, nation or state. These terms are equally disputed. In some cases tribes have legal recognition and some degree of political autonomy from national or federal government, but this legalistic usage of the term may conflict with anthropological definitions.

In the United States, Native American tribes are legally considered to have "domestic dependent nation" status within the territorial United States, with a government-to-government relationship with the federal government.

Response:
In different cultures and situations, a clan usually has different meaning than other kin-based groups, such as tribes and bands. Often, the distinguishing factor is that a clan is a smaller, integral part of a larger society such as a tribe, chiefdom, or a state. In some societies, clans may have an official leader such as a chief, matriarch or patriarch; or such leadership role is performed by elders. In others, leadership positions may have to be achieved.

The term tribe is used in many different contexts to refer to a category of human social group. The predominant worldwide usage of the term in English is in the discipline of anthropology. Its definition is contested, in part due to conflicting theoretical understandings of social and kinship structures, and also reflecting the problematic application of this concept to extremely diverse human societies. The concept is often contrasted by anthropologists with other social and kinship groups, being hierarchically larger than a lineage or clan, but smaller than a chiefdom, nation or state. These terms are equally disputed. In some cases tribes have legal recognition and some degree of political autonomy from national or federal government, but this legalistic usage of the term may conflict with anthropological definitions.

In the United States, Native American tribes are legally considered to have "domestic dependent nation" status within the territorial United States, with a government-to-government relationship with the federal government.


Instruction: Name some of the bravolebrities from The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills

Response: Crystal Kung Minkoff, Dorit Kemsley, Erika Jayne, Lisa Rinna, Garcelle Beauvais, Kyle Richards, Sutton Stracke and Kathy Hilton


Instruction: Which of the following are either characters that appear in books by George R.R. Martin or Robert Jordan: Tyrion Lannister, Brienne of Tarth, Sandor Clegane, Rhaegar Targaryen, Robert Baratheon, Aviendha, Siuan Sanche, Perrin Aybara, Padan Fain, Rand al'Thor

Response:
Characters in George R.R. Martin books: Tyrion Lannister, Brienne of Tarth, Sandor Clegane, Rhaegar Targaryen
Characters in Robert Jordan books: Aviendha, Siuan Sanche, Perrin Aybara, Padan Fain, Rand al'Thor


Instruction: What are some classic board games to play with the family?

Response: Monopoly, Trivial Pursuit, Chess, Backgammon and Scrabble are timeless games suitable for the family.


Instruction: What is the meaning of 'akamai'?

Context: The company was named after akamai, which means 'clever,' or more colloquially, 'cool' in Hawaiian, which Lewin had discovered in a Hawaiian-English dictionary after the suggestion of a colleague.

Response: clever


Instruction: Given this paragraph about video game consoles, when was the Nintendo DS released?

Context: In 2004, Nintendo released the Nintendo DS, which featured such innovations as dual screens – one of which being a touchscreen – and wireless connectivity for multiplayer play. Throughout its lifetime, more than 154 million units were sold, making it the most successful handheld console and the second best-selling console in history. In 2005, Nintendo released the Game Boy Micro, the last system in the Game Boy line. Sales did not meet Nintendo's expectations, with 2.5 million units being sold by 2007. In mid-2005, the Nintendo World Store was inaugurated in New York City.

Response: 2004


Instruction: What is Cryptocurrency?

Context: A cryptocurrency, crypto-currency, or crypto is a digital currency designed to work as a medium of exchange through a computer network that is not reliant on any central authority, such as a government or bank, to uphold or maintain it. It is a decentralized system for verifying that the parties to a transaction have the money they claim to have, eliminating the need for traditional intermediaries, such as banks, when funds are being transferred between two entities.

Response: Cryptocurrency is the digital currency built on the blockchain or other network which allows people to exchange and trade for goods. There are over 1000 different kinds of cryptocurrency around the world and each of them is designed differently. Currently, the popular cryptocurrencies are Bitcoin, Ethereum, and Dogecoin.


Instruction: What does AWS stand for?

Response: AWS is an abbreviation for Amazon Web Services. AWS is a subsidiary of Amazon and delivers cloud computing services.


Instruction: Tell me whether these are metals or non-metals: Sodium, Helium, Aluminum, Chlorine, Gold

Response:
Metals: Sodium, Aluminium, Gold
Non-Metals: Chlorine, Helium


Instruction: What is efficient market hypothesis?

Response: Efficient market hypothesis postulates that markets converge on a fair price with all available information being generally available to the market. Thus it is not logical that any one person can beat the market, if all information is generally available.


Instruction: What are the steps I should take to become a data engineer for absolute beginner?

Response:
1. Learn about Database systems and how data is store. (Get to know some history too of early Database Management Systems (DBMS))

2. Learn SQL.

3. Learn tuning and how to write efficient queries

4. Learn Python.

5. Learn a distributed data processing framework like Spark.

6. Do some personal projects.


Instruction:
I dont think I should pursue higher education. From the following, what are some pros and cons of getting a masters education?

degree to show mastery of a subject
Takes money
Hard work is required
Losing out on entrepreneurial opportunities by the time spent studying
degree to show mastery of a subject
skill development
Time away from family
Set you up for lifelong success
respect in society

Response:
Pros:
skill development
respect in society
degree to show mastery of a subject
Set you up for lifelong success

Cons:
Takes money
Hard work is required
Time away from family
Losing out on entrepreneurial opportunities by the time spent studying


Instruction: From this passage, extract the names of the three Amtrak California routes and separate them with commas.

Context:
Amtrak California utilizes a livery and logo that is different from the standard Amtrak colors. All state-contracted Thruway Motorcoach and state-owned locomotives and passenger cars, with the exception of equipment used on the "Pacific Surfliner" route, are painted in the "California Colors" of blue and yellow. Each permanently assigned passenger car is named after a geographical feature of California.

The "Capitol Corridor" and "San Joaquin" trains are the two routes most identified with the Amtrak California image, since they extensively use "California Colored" equipment. The other state-supported rail route, the "Pacific Surfliner", uses a unique blue and silver paint scheme that is different from the other Amtrak California-branded trains.

The NPCUs that operate on the Capitol Corridor and San Joaquin are painted differently from the locomotives, as they are painted in the old "Caltrain" locomotive livery, with an Amtrak California and Caltrans logo on the sides. The single level cars, both the Comet cars and the Horizon dinettes, have three stripes closest to the boarding doors, orange, blue and green, which resemble the NJ Transit livery that was previously used on the Comet cars.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amtrak_California

Response: Capitol Corridor, San Joaquin, and Pacific Surfliner


Instruction: What were the names of the people who wrote Massive Attack's Unfinished Sympathy? Extract the name and surname into a comma-separated list.

Context:
"Unfinished Sympathy" is a song by the English trip hop group Massive Attack. It was released on 11 February 1991 under the temporary group name Massive. The song was written by the three band members Robert "3D" Del Naja, Andrew "Mushroom" Vowles and Grant "Daddy G" Marshall, the song's vocalist Shara Nelson and the group's co-producer Jonathan "Jonny Dollar" Sharp. It was released on 11 February 1991 as the second single from the band's first album, Blue Lines (1991), on the band's Wild Bunch label distributed by Circa Records. The name "Massive" was used to avoid a radio ban, as the track's release coincided with the Gulf War. Produced by Massive Attack and Dollar, the song incorporates various musical elements into its arrangement, including vocal and percussion samples, drum programming and string orchestration by the arranger Wil Malone.

"Unfinished Sympathy" topped the Dutch Top 40 and was a top-20 hit on the singles charts of several countries, including Germany, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. The accompanying music video, directed by Baillie Walsh, was a single continuous shot of Nelson walking through a Los Angeles neighbourhood, oblivious to her surroundings. Regarded[by whom?] as a pioneering song in the development of British dance music, "Unfinished Sympathy" was acclaimed by music critics for its production and Nelson's vocals. It ranked highly on several publications' year-end lists of the best singles of 1991, and has since appeared in many polls of the best songs of all time by both music critics and the public worldwide. The song was later used on the soundtrack of the 1993 film Sliver.

Response: Robert Del Naja, Andrew Vowles, Grant Marshall, Shara Nelson, Jonathan Sharp


Instruction: Who planted the first wine vineyard at California's Mission San Juan Capistrano?

Response: Father Junípero Serra


Instruction: How soon should you make coffee after grinding the beans?

Response: For best results, no matter the brewing method, you should make your coffee within twenty minutes of grinding the coffee beans.


Instruction: Name the list of S&P 500 companies which as of August 31, 2022 accounted for 27.8% of the market capitalization of the index. List the results in comma separated format.

Context:
The Standard and Poor's 500, or simply the S&P 500, is a stock market index tracking the stock performance of 500 of the largest companies listed on stock exchanges in the United States. It is one of the most commonly followed equity indices. As of December 31, 2020, more than $5.4 trillion was invested in assets tied to the performance of the index.

The S&P 500 index is a free-float weighted/capitalization-weighted index. As of August 31, 2022, the nine largest companies on the list of S&P 500 companies accounted for 27.8% of the market capitalization of the index and were, in order of highest to lowest weighting: Apple, Microsoft, Alphabet (including both class A & C shares), Amazon.com, Tesla, Berkshire Hathaway, UnitedHealth Group, Johnson & Johnson and ExxonMobil. The components that have increased their dividends in 25 consecutive years are known as the S&P 500 Dividend Aristocrats.: 25

The index is one of the factors in computation of the Conference Board Leading Economic Index, used to forecast the direction of the economy.

The index is associated with many ticker symbols, including ^GSPC, .INX, and $SPX, depending on market or website.

The S&P 500 is maintained by S&P Dow Jones Indices, a joint venture majority-owned by S&P Global, and its components are selected by a committee.

The average annualized return since its inception in 1928 through Dec. 31, 2021, is 11.82%. The average annualized return since adopting 500 stocks into the index in 1957 through Dec. 31, 2021, is 11.88%.

Response: Apple, Microsoft, Alphabet, Amazon.com, Tesla, Berkshire Hathaway, UnitedHealth Group, Johnson & Johnson, ExxonMobil


Instruction: Name three professional sports teams in Boston.

Response: Three professional sports teams in Boston are the Boston Celtics, Boston Bruins, and Boston Red Sox.


Instruction: What is the best way to get back in shape when over 50 years of age?

Response: Experts recommend some sort of activity, at least 30 minutes a day. One can start walking, rowing, going to the gym, running or do high intensity interval training (HIIT), but not recommended if just starting again after a long time without exercising. It is recommended to set small goals and increase them over time.


Instruction: How many full-length "The X-Files" movies are there?

Response: Two: "The X-Files: Fight the Future" and "The X-Files: I Want to Believe"


Instruction: What are the defining characteristics of a Ramly Burger?

Context:
Aside from producing burger meat and other frozen foods, the company is also known for its street stalls, which have sold the Ramly Burger in every state in Malaysia since 1979. The defining characteristic of a Ramly Burger is the patty itself wrapped in an omelette and topped with several condiments, which may include ketchup, mayonnaise, chili sauce, Worcestershire sauce, and/or Maggi seasoning, depending on the vendor. The term "Ramly Burger" has been used as a genericized trademark for similarly-prepared burgers which are not necessarily made with the Ramly beef patty as well. They are considered a local favourite, especially by city dwellers. It is estimated that there are over 25,000 Ramly Burger stalls nationwide as of 2015, with the monthly average income of about RM 5,000.

The burger (patties) has been banned in Singapore due to the meat coming from sources which are not on the Agri-Food and Veterinary Authority of Singapore approved list of Commercial Food Imports for Meats which could pose a potential health risk. Singaporean street vendors continue to use the Ramly Burger wrapper.

Response: The defining characteristic of a Ramly burger is that the burger patty is wrapped inside of an omelette and topped with various condiments like maggi seasoning, ketchu, mayonnaise, chili sauce or Worcestershire sauce. It is a local Malaysian favorite but banned in Singapore


Instruction: Identify which animal is domesticated or wild: Water buffalo, Eastern honey bee

Response: Eastern honey bee is wild, Water buffalo is domesticated


Instruction: I need some ideas for a first date.

Response:
1) Grab coffee and chat at a coffee shop.
2) Grab coffee and walk around.
3) Go out together for a meal.
4) Go to the local Farmer's Market.
5) Go bowling.
6) Take a cooking class.
7) Picnic together at a park.
8) Go to a local event.
9) Play a board game.
10) Play a sport together, like paddleboarding, tennis, pickleball, or throwing a Frisbee.