Instruction: What is MGMT's most popular album

Context: The leaves are usually large and imposing, often lobed or deeply cut, and may be more or less pinnate. They can also be oval, spear-shaped, or in many other possible shape variations. The leaves are borne alternately on the stem. A quality of philodendrons is that they do not have a single type of leaf on the same plant. Instead, they have juvenile leaves and adult leaves, which can be drastically different from one another. The leaves of seedling philodendrons are usually heart-shaped early in the life of the plant. But after it has matured past the seedling stage, the leaves will acquire the typical juvenile leaf's shape and size. Later in the philodendron's life, it starts producing adult leaves, a process called metamorphosis. Most philodendrons go through metamorphosis gradually; there is no immediately distinct difference between juvenile and adult leaves. Aside from being typically much bigger than the juvenile leaves, the shape of adult leaves can be significantly different. In fact, considerable taxonomic difficulty has occurred in the past due to these differences, causing juvenile and adult plants to mistakenly be classified as different species.

Response: Oracular Spectacular was named by Rolling Stone as one of their 500 Greatest Albums of All Time


Instruction: Please describe what Business Process Mapping is and why it is used

Context:
Business process mapping refers to activities involved in defining what a business entity does, who is responsible, to what standard a business process should be completed, and how the success of a business process can be determined.

The main purpose behind business process mapping is to assist organizations in becoming more effective. A clear and detailed business process map or diagram allows outside firms to come in and look at whether or not improvements can be made to the current process.

Business process mapping takes a specific objective and helps to measure and compare that objective alongside the entire organization's objectives to make sure that all processes are aligned with the company's values and capabilities.

International Organization for Standardization or ISO 9001 : 2015 encourages a process approach to quality management. It is important to understand how each process relates to other processes within the organization and how those interactions impact Quality Management.

Response:
Business Process Mapping describes the capture of a set of business activities that deliver an outcome. Mapping is usually performed using visual tools that use standardized shapes to indicate entities. Mapping involves capturing activities, the roles performing the activities, systems and tools used to execute the activities and inputs and outputs from the activities. Process mapping is frequently conducted in cross functional workshops with a facilitator capturing the activities performed by Subject Matter Experts (SMEs). Common uses of process mapping include:
* automation
* compliance documentation
* business process improvement
* standardization


Instruction: Why is a higher interest rate on my home worse?

Response: Getting a higher interest rate on a home loan increases the payments on your loan. Over time, a higher interest rate can greatly increase the amount that you pay to your lender. However, a silver lining might be the lower home prices that often accompany higher interest rates. It’s possible that refinancing after interest rates drop might provide an opportunity to pay less on your loan down the road.


Instruction: who is Haile Sellassie?

Context: Haile Selassie I (Ge'ez: ቀዳማዊ ኀይለ ሥላሴ, romanized: Qädamawi Häylä Səllasé,[nb 2] Amharic pronunciation: [ˈhaɪlə sɨlˈlase] (listen);[nb 3] born Tafari Makonnen; 23 July 1892 – 27 August 1975) was Emperor of Ethiopia from 1930 to 1974. He rose to power as Regent Plenipotentiary of Ethiopia (Enderase) for Empress Zewditu from 1916. Haile Selassie is widely considered a defining figure in modern Ethiopian history, and the key figure of Rastafari, a religious movement in Jamaica that emerged shortly after he became emperor in the 1930s. He was a member of the Solomonic dynasty, which claims to trace lineage to Emperor Menelik I, believed to be the son of King Solomon and Makeda the Queen of Sheba.

Response: Haile Selassie (Amharic: ቀዳማዊ ኀይለ ሥላሴ) was a former Emperor of Ethiopia. He ruled the country from 1930 to 1974. His first name before he became emperor was Ras Teferi Mekonnen. The religion movement, Rastafari, after the name of Ras Teferi Mekonnen, emerged in Jamaica shortly after Haile Selassie became emperor. His root is from an extended Solomon and Queen of Sheba(Makeda).


Instruction: In the series A Song of Ice and Fire, who is the founder of House Plowman?

Response: Pate the Plowman


Instruction: What style of music is the Grateful Dead?

Response: The Grateful Dead span many genres and have bene influenced by many styles of music, which is evident in the variety one experiences across albums, live shows and eras throughout the band's history. They have also had many band members come and go and each have brought a different influence to the bands repertoire. Many evident styles are folk, jazz, ragtime, rock and roll, and country. The broad spectrum of styles is likely the reason they have such a large following.


Instruction: Who is the main character of Naruto?

Context: Naruto is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Masashi Kishimoto. It tells the story of Naruto Uzumaki, a young ninja who seeks recognition from his peers and dreams of becoming the Hokage, the leader of his village. The story is told in two parts—the first set in Naruto's pre-teen years, and the second in his teens. The series is based on two one-shot manga by Kishimoto: Karakuri (1995), which earned Kishimoto an honorable mention in Shueisha's monthly Hop Step Award the following year, and Naruto (1997).

Response: The main character of Naruto is Naruto Uzumaki, a shinobi of the Hidden Leaf Village. His dream in life is to become the Hokage, the strongest ninja in his village. However, he never achieves this, and dies in his battle again Pain, the leader of the Akatsuki, after attempting to avenge his mentor's death. He is then revived by Obito Uchiha using the rinnegan's powers, which can trade the user's life for another's. Naruto then returns to Pain and uses his infamous talk-no-jutsu to convince Pain to stop being evil, which succeeds.


Instruction: What Does the Referee Do?

Response:
In a game of soccer, the referee is the appointed person of authority on the field for the players. Football referee responsibilities include presiding over the game and officiating with a neutral point of view. The chief role centers around making 'on-the-fly' decisions.
football referee must enforce all the rules of infringements and sanctions in the sport while maintaining fairness and safety.


Instruction: People love cats but can be highly divided about what breed of cat is the best - What is your favorite, and why?

Response: British Shorthair cats are the best because of their personalities and appearance. Not only are British Shorthair cats adorably a loose assembly of spheres, they are inquisitive, playful, and adopt the strangest and amusing positions. Sometimes they appear to be broken.


Instruction: Identify which instrument is string or woodwind: Balaban, Lute

Response: Lute is string, Balaban is woodwind.


Instruction: Please share some important points about actress Zendaya using given passage as a reference

Context: Born and raised in Oakland, California, Zendaya began her career as a child model and backup dancer. She made her television debut as Rocky Blue on the Disney Channel sitcom Shake It Up (2010–2013) and starred as the titular character in the sitcom K.C. Undercover (2015–2018), for the channel. Her feature film debut came in 2017 with the superhero film Spider-Man: Homecoming, and she later starred in its sequels. Zendaya's role as Rue Bennett, a struggling drug addicted teenager, in the HBO teen drama series Euphoria (2019–present) made her the youngest recipient of the Primetime Emmy Awards for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series, which she won twice. Her film roles include the musical The Greatest Showman (2017), the romantic drama Malcolm & Marie (2021), and the science fiction epic Dune (2021).

Response:
1. Zendaya is born and grown up in Oakland, California.
2. She started her career as a child model and made her television debut as Rocky Blue in Shake It Up (2010–2013) and starred as the titular character in K.C. Undercover (2015–2018), on Disney Channel.
3. Zendaya made her film debut in 2017 with Spider-Man: Homecoming, and she later starred in its sequels.
4. Zendaya is the youngest recipient of the Primetime Emmy Awards for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series, which she won twice for Zendaya's role as Rue Bennett, a struggling drug addicted teenager, in the HBO teen drama series Euphoria (2019–present).
5. Few of her film roles include the musical The Greatest Showman (2017), the romantic drama Malcolm & Marie (2021), and the science fiction epic Dune (2021).


Instruction: Given this paragraph about Himmerland, which is the largest city in Himmerland?

Context: Himmerland is a peninsula in northeastern Jutland, Denmark. It is delimited to the north and the west by the Limfjord, to the east by the Kattegat, and to the south by the Mariager Fjord. The largest city is Aalborg; smaller towns include Hobro, Aars, Løgstør, Støvring and Nibe. In northeastern Himmerland is the Lille Vildmose, Denmark's largest raised bog, which sustains a rich bird life of international importance.

Response: Aalborg is the largest city in Himmerland.


Instruction: What is Project Mosaic?

Response:
Mosaic is an extension to the Apache Spark framework that allows easy and fast processing of very large geospatial datasets.
Mosaic provides:
-easy conversion between common spatial data encodings (WKT, WKB and GeoJSON);
-constructors to easily generate new geometries from Spark native data types;
-many of the OGC SQL standard ST_ functions implemented as Spark Expressions for transforming, aggregating and joining spatial datasets;
-high performance through implementation of Spark code generation within the core Mosaic functions;
-optimisations for performing point-in-polygon joins using an approach we co-developed with Ordnance Survey (blog post); and
-the choice of a Scala, SQL and Python API.


Instruction: How is electricity recorded in ancient Egyptian texts as per the passage below.

Context:
Long before any knowledge of electricity existed, people were aware of shocks from electric fish. Ancient Egyptian texts dating from 2750 BCE referred to these fish as the "Thunderer of the Nile", and described them as the "protectors" of all other fish. Electric fish were again reported millennia later by ancient Greek, Roman and Arabic naturalists and physicians. Several ancient writers, such as Pliny the Elder and Scribonius Largus, attested to the numbing effect of electric shocks delivered by electric catfish and electric rays, and knew that such shocks could travel along conducting objects. Patients with ailments such as gout or headache were directed to touch electric fish in the hope that the powerful jolt might cure them.
Ancient cultures around the Mediterranean knew that certain objects, such as rods of amber, could be rubbed with cat's fur to attract light objects like feathers. Thales of Miletus made a series of observations on static electricity around 600 BCE, from which he believed that friction rendered amber magnetic, in contrast to minerals such as magnetite, which needed no rubbing.
Thales was incorrect in believing the attraction was due to a magnetic effect, but later science would prove a link between magnetism and electricity. According to a controversial theory, the Parthians may have had knowledge of electroplating, based on the 1936 discovery of the Baghdad Battery, which resembles a galvanic cell, though it is uncertain whether the artifact was electrical in nature.
Electricity would remain little more than an intellectual curiosity for millennia until 1600, when the English scientist William Gilbert wrote De Magnete, in which he made a careful study of electricity and magnetism, distinguishing the lodestone effect from static electricity produced by rubbing amber. He coined the New Latin word electricus ("of amber" or "like amber",, elektron, the Greek word for "amber") to refer to the property of attracting small objects after being rubbed. This association gave rise to the English words "electric" and "electricity", which made their first appearance in print in Thomas Browne's Pseudodoxia Epidemica of 1646.
Further work was conducted in the 17th and early 18th centuries by Otto von Guericke, Robert Boyle, Stephen Gray and C. F. du Fay. Later in the 18th century, Benjamin Franklin conducted extensive research in electricity, selling his possessions to fund his work. In June 1752 he is reputed to have attached a metal key to the bottom of a dampened kite string and flown the kite in a storm-threatened sky. A succession of sparks jumping from the key to the back of his hand showed that lightning was indeed electrical in nature. He also explained the apparently paradoxical behavior of the Leyden jar as a device for storing large amounts of electrical charge in terms of electricity consisting of both positive and negative charges
In 1775, Hugh Williamson reported a series of experiments to the Royal Society on the shocks delivered by the electric eel; that same year the surgeon and anatomist John Hunter described the structure of the fish's electric organs. In 1791, Luigi Galvani published his discovery of bioelectromagnetics, demonstrating that electricity was the medium by which neurons passed signals to the muscles. Alessandro Volta's battery, or voltaic pile, of 1800, made from alternating layers of zinc and copper, provided scientists with a more reliable source of electrical energy than the electrostatic machines previously used. The recognition of electromagnetism, the unity of electric and magnetic phenomena, is due to Hans Christian Ørsted and André-Marie Ampère in 1819–1820. Michael Faraday invented the electric motor in 1821, and Georg Ohm mathematically analysed the electrical circuit in 1827. Electricity and magnetism (and light) were definitively linked by James Clerk Maxwell, in particular in his "On Physical Lines of Force" in 1861 and 1862.
While the early 19th century had seen rapid progress in electrical science, the late 19th century would see the greatest progress in electrical engineering. Through such people as Alexander Graham Bell, Ottó Bláthy, Thomas Edison, Galileo Ferraris, Oliver Heaviside, Ányos Jedlik, William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin, Charles Algernon Parsons, Werner von Siemens, Joseph Swan, Reginald Fessenden, Nikola Tesla and George Westinghouse, electricity turned from a scientific curiosity into an essential tool for modern life.
In 1887, Heinrich Hertz discovered that electrodes illuminated with ultraviolet light create electric sparks more easily. In 1905, Albert Einstein published a paper that explained experimental data from the photoelectric effect as being the result of light energy being carried in discrete quantized packets, energising electrons. This discovery led to the quantum revolution. Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921 for "his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect". The photoelectric effect is also employed in photocells such as can be found in solar panels.
The first solid-state device was the "cat's-whisker detector" first used in the 1900s in radio receivers. A whisker-like wire is placed lightly in contact with a solid crystal (such as a germanium crystal) to detect a radio signal by the contact junction effect. In a solid-state component, the current is confined to solid elements and compounds engineered specifically to switch and amplify it. Current flow can be understood in two forms: as negatively charged electrons, and as positively charged electron deficiencies called holes. These charges and holes are understood in terms of quantum physics. The building material is most often a crystalline semiconductor.
Solid-state electronics came into its own with the emergence of transistor technology. The first working transistor, a germanium-based point-contact transistor, was invented by John Bardeen and Walter Houser Brattain at Bell Labs in 1947, followed by the bipolar junction transistor in 1948.

Response: Long before any knowledge of electricity existed, people were aware of shocks from electric fish. Ancient Egyptian texts dating from 2750 BCE referred to these fish as the "Thunderer of the Nile", and described them as the "protectors" of all other fish.


Instruction: Should I use microservices for my project? How many microservices should I have?

Response:
Every microservice you add increases the testing and deployment complexity for your project. However there are a few reasons you would want to split off separate microservices:
1. the scaling requirements are different (e.g., maybe part of your code needs to be deployed to 100 servers and other parts just to 5 servers).
2. the deployment model is different (e.g., maybe part of your code needs to be sharded by customer id, and other parts not sharded)
3. they are logically different parts of the code or of the company and they can benefit from moving independently for each other.

So split off as many microservices as required by the rules above, but don't split off too many.


Instruction: What are five totally distinct, creative ways to describe the usefulness of a broken mind.

Response:
1. A broken mind is like a rusty hinge, capable of opening up new possibilities.
2. A broken mind is like a cracked mirror, reflecting a distorted view of reality.
3. A broken mind is like a sieve, allowing ideas to pass through and filter out the important ones.
4. A broken mind is like a pebble in a stream, providing a gentle nudge to go in a new direction.
5. A broken mind is like a silent voice, conveying a message that is not always heard.


Instruction: From the passage provided, extract the name of the first female recipient of Turing award

Context:
The ACM A. M. Turing Award is an annual prize given by the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) for contributions of lasting and major technical importance to computer science. It is generally recognized as the highest distinction in computer science and is colloquially known as or often referred to as the "Nobel Prize of Computing".

The award is named after Alan Turing, who was a British mathematician and reader in mathematics at the University of Manchester. Turing is often credited as being the key founder of theoretical computer science and artificial intelligence. From 2007 to 2013, the award was accompanied by an additional prize of US$250,000, with financial support provided by Intel and Google. Since 2014, the award has been accompanied by a prize of US$1 million, with financial support provided by Google.

The first recipient, in 1966, was Alan Perlis, of Carnegie Mellon University. The first female recipient was Frances E. Allen of IBM in 2006. The latest recipient, in 2022, is Robert Metcalfe for inventing Ethernet.

Response: The first female recipient was Frances E. Allen of IBM in 2006


Instruction: Are all types of salt the same?

Response: No, definitely not. There are varying sized grains or crystals of salt, various production methods, different colors, and potentially different additives. For example, a fine-grained iodized salt is highly processed with additives, while a finishing salt may be very unprocessed natural crystals harvested directly from sea water.


Instruction: When was The Palpable Leprosy of Pollution released?

Context:
Infant Annihilator are an English deathcore band formed in Hull, East Riding of Yorkshire in 2012 by drummer Aaron Kitcher and guitarist Eddie Pickard. The band are known for their technical, eclectic and extreme musical style; parodistic and satirically graphic lyrical content and shock humour; and music videos that feature ribald themes.

Their debut album The Palpable Leprosy of Pollution, which features the American vocalist Dan Watson, was released in late 2012. After replacing their vocalist with Massachusetts-native Dickie Allen, their second album The Elysian Grandeval Galèriarch was recorded and mixed by Jesse Kirkbride at his home studio Kirkbride Recordings and was released in 2016. Their third album, The Battle of Yaldabaoth, was released on 11 September 2019.

Infant Annihilator were described by the Hysteria Magazine as an internet band and even though they have stated that touring is a possibility, they have performed only as a studio project so far.

Response: The album The Palpable Leprosy of Pollution was released in late 2012 featuring the American vocalist Dan Watson.


Instruction: Which of the following are countries? Pakistan, Azerbaijan, Hodor, Chicago, St. Louis, Michael, Jordan, Minecraft, Ninja, Teletubbies, Fortnite, Lesotho, Greece

Response: Pakistan, Azerbaijan, Jordan, Lesotho, and Greece


Instruction: Given a reference text about multiple myeloma, tell me the risk factors and the cause of the disease.

Context:
Multiple myeloma (MM), also known as plasma cell myeloma and simply myeloma, is a cancer of plasma cells, a type of white blood cell that normally produces antibodies. Often, no symptoms are noticed initially. As it progresses, bone pain, anemia, kidney dysfunction, and infections may occur. Complications may include amyloidosis.

The cause of multiple myeloma is unknown. Risk factors include obesity, radiation exposure, family history, and certain chemicals. There is an increased risk of multiple myeloma in certain occupations. This is due to the occupational exposure to aromatic hydrocarbon solvents having a role in causation of multiple myeloma. Multiple myeloma may develop from monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance that progresses to smoldering myeloma. The abnormal plasma cells produce abnormal antibodies, which can cause kidney problems and overly thick blood. The plasma cells can also form a mass in the bone marrow or soft tissue. When one tumor is present, it is called a plasmacytoma; more than one is called multiple myeloma. Multiple myeloma is diagnosed based on blood or urine tests finding abnormal antibodies, bone marrow biopsy finding cancerous plasma cells, and medical imaging finding bone lesions. Another common finding is high blood calcium levels.

Response: Although the cause of multiple myeloma is not known, risk factors for developing the disease are obesity, radiation exposure, family history, and exposure to certain chemicals.


Instruction: What is Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs?

Context: Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs is a 1937 American animated musical fantasy film produced by Walt Disney Productions and released by RKO Radio Pictures. Based on the 1812 German fairy tale by the Brothers Grimm, it is the first full-length traditionally animated feature film and the first Disney animated feature film. The production was supervised by David Hand, and the film's sequences were directed by Perce Pearce, William Cottrell, Larry Morey, Wilfred Jackson, and Ben Sharpsteen.

Response: Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs is an animated musical fantasy film produced in 1937. It was produced by Walt Disney Productions and released by RKO Radio Pictures. It is the first full-length traditionally animated feature film and the first animated feature film from Disney.


Instruction: What is Chiropractic treatment?

Context: Spinal manipulation, which chiropractors call "spinal adjustment" or "chiropractic adjustment", is the most common treatment used in chiropractic care. Spinal manipulation is a passive manual maneuver during which a three-joint complex is taken past the normal range of movement, but not so far as to dislocate or damage the joint.

Response: Chiropractic treatment includes spinal adjustment or chiropractic adjustment which is a process in which manual and light adjustments are made to the spinal joints past the normal movement range, avoiding joint damage


Instruction: Are Rainbow Trout and Steelhead the same?

Response: Steelhead and Rainbow trout are the same species, but have different lifestyles. Steelhead spend part of their lives in the sea before going up river to breed, while rainbow trout spend their lives in freshwater.


Instruction: Change the following passage to past tense

Context: The episode focuses on two people: an elderly hospital doctor (Aleksander Bardini), who lives by himself in the ubiquitous Dekalog apartment block; and Dorota Geller (Krystyna Janda), a woman in her 30s who lives in the same building and is a violinist with the Philharmonic Orchestra.

Response: The episode focused on two people: an elderly hospital doctor (Aleksander Bardini), who lived by himself in the ubiquitous Dekalog apartment block; and Dorota Geller (Krystyna Janda), a woman in her 30s who lived in the same building and was a violinist with the Philharmonic Orchestra.


Instruction: What your favorite teaching of Stoicism?

Response: Stoicism has three key disciplines: Discipline of Desire, Discipline of Action, and Discipline of Assent. The Discipline of Assent focuses on approaching life with clarity -- your choices, opinions, desires and aversions rest with you. I find this is particularly helpful in staying focused on the here and now and avoiding negative thoughts. This allows me to focus only on what I can control and stay present.


Instruction: What is the oldest part of Boston to live in, based on the historic neighborhood?

Context:
Charlestown is the oldest neighborhood in Boston, Massachusetts, in the United States. Originally called Mishawum by the Massachusett tribe, it is located on a peninsula north of the Charles River, across from downtown Boston, and also adjoins the Mystic River and Boston Harbor waterways. Charlestown was laid out in 1629 by engineer Thomas Graves, one of its earliest settlers, during the reign of Charles I of England. It was originally a separate town and the first capital of the Massachusetts Bay Colony.

Charlestown became a city in 1848 and was annexed by Boston on January 5, 1874. With that, it also switched from Middlesex County, to which it had belonged since 1643, to Suffolk County. It has had a substantial Irish-American population since the migration of Irish people during the Great Irish Famine of the 1840s. Since the late 1980s, the neighborhood has changed dramatically because of its proximity to downtown and its colonial architecture. A mix of yuppie and upper-middle-class gentrification has influenced much of the area, as it has in many of Boston's neighborhoods, but Charlestown still maintains a strong Irish-American population.

In the 21st century, Charlestown's diversity has expanded dramatically, along with growing rates of the very poor and very wealthy. Today Charlestown is a largely residential neighborhood, with much housing near the waterfront, overlooking the Boston skyline. Charlestown is home to many historic sites, hospitals and organizations, with access from the Orange Line Sullivan Square or Community College stops or the I-93 expressway.

Response: Charlestown, Massachusetts


Instruction: What year did the Calgary Flames win the Stanley Cup?

Response: 1989


Instruction: Which of the following are US presidents and which are Hollywood actors: Jimmy Carter, George Washington, Denzel Washington, Daniel Day Lewis, Abraham Lincoln, and Ronald Reagan.

Response: The presidents are: George Washington, Jimmy Carter, Abraham Lincoln, and Ronald Reagan. The Hollywood actors are: Daniel Day Lewis, Denzel Washington, and Ronald Reagan, who was an actor prior to becoming president.


Instruction: Extract all the names of people that Betty worked with from the text.

Context: Betty Branch earned her Bachelor of Arts in Studio Art (1979) and Master of Arts in Liberal Studies (1987) from Hollins University and completed additional studies with artists Denis Knight and Georgiana Mailoff, and at Miles and Generalis Sculptural Services. She lives and works in Roanoke, Virginia. Her first retrospective exhibition, Betty Branch: Through the Crow's Eye, a Retrospective, presented the artist's work in bronze, marble, porcelain, works on paper, and performance pieces.

Response: Denis Knight, Georgiana Mailoff


Instruction: List the competitions that Charlier competed in and where he placed in the format [Competiton]: [Place], [Age]

Context:
Charlier was born in Albert, Somme and admitted at the age of 10 to the Conservatoire de Paris where he attracted attention from professionals in the field and earned a scholarship from Yehudi Menuhin and Henryk Szeryng in 1976.

He received top prizes at many international competitions including:1st place in Munich at 17, Montreal at 18, the International Jean Sibelius Violin Competition in Helsinki at 19, the two great French competitions Long-Thibaud-Crespin Competition (2nd grand prize) and Georges Enesco of the SACEM at 20, the International Violin Competition of Indianapolis (4th prize) at 21, and first place at the Young Concert Artists International Audition in New York in 1989 at the age of 28.[citation needed]

He is primarily known as a soloist.

Response:
Sure, here is a list of the competitions that Charlier competed in, where he placed, and his age at the time of the competition:

Munich international competition: 1st place, 17
Montreal international competition: 1st place, 17
International Jean Sibelius Violin Competition in Helsinki: 1st place, 19
Long-Thibaud-Crespin Competition: 2nd grand prize, 20
Georges Enesco of the SACEM: 1st place, 20
International Violin Competition of Indianapolis: 4th prize, 21
Young Concert Artists International Audition in New York: 1st place, 28


Instruction:
Classify each item in the list based on the following types of sport: team, individual, water, extreme.

List to classify: soccer (football), basketball, tennis, baseball, American football, golf, cricket, swimming.

Response:
1. Soccer (football): team sport
2. Basketball: team sport
3. Tennis: individual or team sport
4. Baseball: team sport
5. American football: team sport
6. Golf: individual sport or team sport
7. Cricket: individual or team sport
8. Swimming: individual or team sport. It's also a water sport


Instruction: Who is Scarlett Johansson

Context: Scarlett Ingrid Johansson (/dʒoʊˈhænsən/; born November 22, 1984) is an American actress. The world's highest-paid actress in 2018 and 2019, she has featured multiple times on the Forbes Celebrity 100 list. Time named her one of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2021. Her films have grossed over $14.3 billion worldwide, making Johansson the highest-grossing box office star of all time. She has received various accolades, including a Tony Award and a British Academy Film Award, in addition to nominations for two Academy Awards and five Golden Globe Awards.

Response: Scarlett Ingrid Johansson, born November 22, 1984, is an American actress. The world's highest-paid actress in 2018 and 2019, she has featured multiple times on the Forbes Celebrity 100 list. Time named her one of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2021. Her films have grossed over $14.3 billion worldwide, making Johansson the highest-grossing box office star of all time. She has received various accolades, including a Tony Award and a British Academy Film Award, in addition to nominations for two Academy Awards and five Golden Globe Awards.


Instruction: What are the best types of pets for a family with kids?

Response: The best types of pets for a family to get are those that match the energy level and time commitment that the family is willing to commit to. For example, if the family is frequently going to be away on trips, they should think about if their absence would cause stress for the pet and how much care they would need to arrange for the pet while they are away. Types of pets that involve less time and care are: Fish, snakes and turtles. Pets that involve more time and care are: Dogs, Cats, Birds, Guinea pigs, and hamsters.


Instruction: Why are semantic HTML elements important to use?

Response: The main benefit of using semantic HTML elements is that it improves the accessibility of a website when used correctly. For example, text that is styled to look like a heading for a section of content, may not be exposed as a heading to a screen reader or search engine unless that text is wrapped in a heading element — h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, or h6.


Instruction:
Describe the following poem:

Two roads diverged in a yellow wood,
And sorry I could not travel both
And be one traveler, long I stood
And looked down one as far as I could
To where it bent in the undergrowth;

Then took the other, as just as fair,
And having perhaps the better claim
Because it was grassy and wanted wear,
Though as for that the passing there
Had worn them really about the same,

And both that morning equally lay
In leaves no step had trodden black.
Oh, I kept the first for another day!
Yet knowing how way leads on to way
I doubted if I should ever come back.

I shall be telling this with a sigh
Somewhere ages and ages hence:
Two roads diverged in a wood, and I,
I took the one less traveled by,
And that has made all the difference.

Response: That poem is “The Road Not Taken” by Robert Frost. It describes a traveler walking in the woods who encounters two paths, one worn down from use and one that appears less travelled. The poem can be interpreted as an analogy for making decisions in life, where one choice is following a crowd and one is more individualistic. The author notes that this is a challenging choice but well worth it to be your own person by following the road not taken.


Instruction: What is the most popular sport?

Response: Currently soccer/football is the most popular sport globally to participate in and watch with an estimated 3.5 billion fans. With the low entry cost to play and ability to be played or practiced most anywhere it makes it easy for pretty much anyone to participate.


Instruction: Given a reference text about the Eurovision Song Contest 1987, tell me where it took place, and how many countries participated.

Context:
The Eurovision Song Contest 1987 was the 32nd edition of the annual Eurovision Song Contest. It took place in Brussels, Belgium, following the country's victory at the 1986 contest with the song "J'aime la vie" by Sandra Kim. Organised by the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) and host broadcaster Radio-télévision belge de la Communauté française (RTBF), the contest was held at the Centenary Palace on 9 May 1987 (also Europe Day) and hosted by French-Belgian singer Viktor Lazlo.

Twenty-two countries took part in the contest with Greece and Italy returning to the competition after their absences the previous year. This set the record for the highest number of competing countries up until that point.

The winner was Ireland with the song "Hold Me Now" by Johnny Logan, who had also won the 1980 contest. He remains the only performer to have won the Eurovision Song Contest twice.

Response: The Eurovision Song Contest 1987 took place in Brussels, Belgium and twenty-two countries participated.


Instruction: What are the benefits of division of labour?

Context:
The division of labour is the separation of the tasks in any economic system or organization so that participants may specialize (specialization). Individuals, organizations, and nations are endowed with or acquire specialized capabilities, and either form combinations or trade to take advantage of the capabilities of others in addition to their own. Specialized capabilities may include equipment or natural resources as well as skills. Training and combinations of equipment and other assets acting together are often important. For example, an individual may specialize by acquiring tools and the skills to use them effectively just as an organization may specialize by acquiring specialized equipment and hiring or training skilled operators. The division of labour is the motive for trade and the source of economic interdependence.

Historically, an increasing division of labour is associated with the growth of total output and trade, the rise of capitalism, and the increasing complexity of industrialized processes. The concept and implementation of division of labour has been observed in ancient Sumerian (Mesopotamian) culture, where assignment of jobs in some cities coincided with an increase in trade and economic interdependence. Division of labour generally also increases both producer and individual worker productivity.

After the Neolithic Revolution, pastoralism and agriculture led to more reliable and abundant food supplies, which increased the population and led to specialization of labour, including new classes of artisans, warriors, and the development of elites. This specialization was furthered by the process of industrialization, and Industrial Revolution-era factories. Accordingly, many classical economists as well as some mechanical engineers, such as Charles Babbage, were proponents of division of labour. Also, having workers perform single or limited tasks eliminated the long training period required to train craftsmen, who were replaced with less-paid but more productive unskilled workers.

Response:
In general the following benefits are associated with increasing division of labour:
- increase in total trade
- increase in total output
- an increase in market activity
- increased specialization
- increasing complexity of industrialized processes


Instruction: Given this reference text, how was the cheeseburger invented?

Context:
By the late 19th century, the vast grasslands of the Great Plains had been opened up for cattle ranching. This made it possible for many Americans to consume beef almost daily. The hamburger remains as one of the cheapest sources of beef in America.

Adding cheese to hamburgers became popular in 1920. There are several competing claims as to who created the first cheeseburger. Lionel Sternberger is reputed to have introduced the cheeseburger in 1924 at the age of 16. He was working as a fry cook at his father's Pasadena, California sandwich shop, "The Rite Spot", and "experimentally dropped a slab of American cheese on a sizzling hamburger." An early example of the cheeseburger appearing on a menu is a 1928 menu for the Los Angeles restaurant O'Dell's which listed a cheeseburger smothered with chili for 25 cents.

Other restaurants also claim to have invented the cheeseburger. For example, Kaelin's Restaurant in Louisville, Kentucky, said it invented the cheeseburger in 1934. One year later, a trademark for the name "cheeseburger" was awarded to Louis Ballast of the Humpty Dumpty Drive-In in Denver, Colorado. According to Steak 'n Shake archives, the restaurant's founder, Gus Belt, applied for a trademark on the word in the 1930s.

An A&W Restaurants franchise in Lansing, Michigan is credited with inventing the bacon cheeseburger in 1963, putting it on the menu after repeated requests from the same customer.

The steamed cheeseburger, a variation almost exclusively served in central Connecticut, is believed to have been invented at a restaurant called Jack's Lunch in Middletown, Connecticut, in the 1930s.

The largest cheeseburger ever made weighed 2,014 pounds (914 kg). It is said to have included "60 pounds (27 kg) of bacon, 50 pounds (23 kg) of lettuce, 50 pounds (23 kg) of sliced onions, 40 pounds (18 kg) of pickles, and 40 pounds (18 kg) of cheese." This record was set in 2012 by Minnesota's Black Bear Casino, smashing the previous record of 881 pounds (400 kg).

In the United States, National Cheeseburger Day is celebrated annually on September 18.

Response: The cheeseburger was invented after the late 19th century after the vast grasslands of the Great Plains opened up for cattle ranching. Once this happened Americans consumed meat daily of which ground beef/hamburger meat was the most affordable. In 1920, adding cheese to the hamburger meat popular. It is said that Lionel Sternberger invented the cheeseburger in 1924 while working at his father's sandwich shop.


Instruction: What is the origin of ethnology?

Context:
Sociocultural anthropology/ethnology:
This field can trace its roots to processes of European colonization and globalization, when European trade with other parts of the world and eventual political control of overseas territories offered scholars access to different cultures. Anthropology was the scientific discipline that searches to understand human diversity, both culturally and biologically. Originally anthropology focused on understanding groups of people then considered "primitive" or "simple" whereas sociology focused on modern urban societies in Europe and North America although more recently cultural anthropology looks at all cultures around the world, including those in developed countries. Over the years, sociocultural anthropology has influenced other disciplines like urban studies, gender studies, ethnic studies and has developed a number of sub-disciplines like medical anthropology, political anthropology, environmental anthropology, applied anthropology, psychological anthropology, economic anthropology and others have developed.

Response: Ethnology can trace its roots to European colonization and globalization.


Instruction: Which American cultural artifacts are most known worldwide?

Response: Historically speaking, blue jeans, rock and roll and Coca Cola are considered quintessentially American. These icons became especially significant among youth in eastern Europe during the fall of communism in the 1980s and 1990s. In more modern times, you could argue that the iPhone and tech giants like Google and Facebook are most recognizable. However, in all times, the President of the United States is perhaps the most famous person in the world.


Instruction: How many people died in the Cloquet fire of Illinois according to the text?

Context: The Cloquet fire was an immense forest fire in northern Minnesota, United States in October 1918, caused by sparks on the local railroads and dry conditions. The fire left much of western Carlton County devastated, mostly affecting Moose Lake, Cloquet, and Kettle River. Cloquet was hit the hardest by the fires. It was the worst natural disaster in Minnesota history in terms of the number of casualties in a single day. In total, 453 people died and 52,000 people were injured or displaced, 38 communities were destroyed, 250,000 acres (100,000 ha) were burned, and $73 million ($1.315 billion in 2023 United States dollars) in property damage was suffered. Thirteen million dollars in federal aid were disbursed.

Response:
453 people died in the Cloquet fire that occurred in northern Minnesota, United States in October 1918.

In addition to the 453 people that died, 52,000 people were injured or displaced, 38 communities were destroyed, 250,000 acres (100,000 ha) were burned, and $73 million ($1.315 billion in 2023 United States dollars) in property damage was suffered.


Instruction: Which chapel on Rutger's campus was built 7 years after the New Jersey College for Women?

Context: Voorhees Chapel is one of two chapels on the campus of Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey in New Brunswick, New Jersey. Built in 1925 with a donation from Elizabeth Rodman Voorhees, wife of Rutgers trustee Ralph Voorhees, the chapel once served the community of Douglass College. Douglass, founded the New Jersey College for Women (founded in 1918), was the women's residential college at Rutgers.

Response: The Voorhees Chapel was built in 1925, seven years after the New Jersey College for Women was founded by Elizabeth Rodman Voorhees.


Instruction: Walter Koenig played which part in the Star Trek series

Response: Ensign Chekov


Instruction: In a bingo game, which number is represented by the phrase “two little ducks”?

Response: 22


Instruction: How do you summarize a story?

Response: To summarize a story one should focus on the main ideas and important details occurring during the story. The main idea is most important; however, there may be more than one main idea in a single story.


Instruction: Should Elon Musk get into Formula 1?

Response: Well, that depends on his personal ambitions and business goals. In my personal opinion, he should enter Formula 1 to further expand the brand value of Tesla and SpaceX. By entering Formula 1, he can show the world that not only can Tesla produce one of the safest cars, but it can also compete in one of the most prestigious, technologically advanced, and popular automotive competitions in the world. He can leverage the knowledge gained from his existing ventures, such as SpaceX and Tesla, to set up an extremely competitive Formula 1 team.


Instruction: Does Las Vegas have a professional hockey team?

Response: The Vegas Golden Knights are a professional ice hockey team based in the Las Vegas metropolitan area. They compete in the National Hockey League as a member of the Pacific Division in the Western Conference.


Instruction: What is CJIS?

Response: CJIS stands for Criminal Justice Information Services, which is a division of the Federal Bureau of Investigation. The CJIS division maintains, supports, and promulgates requirements for the access to criminal justice information.


Instruction: Who was found guilty for the murder of Nualchawee Petchrung?

Context: Nualchawee Petchrung (Thai: นวลฉวี เพชรรุ่ง, also spelled Nuanchawee) was a Thai nurse who was murdered by her medical doctor husband, Athip Suyansethakarn, on 10 September 1959. The investigation and trial received sensational coverage in the media—Siang Ang Thong newspaper, which later became the country's top circulating daily Thai Rath, gained popularity from its coverage of the case, which regularly filled the front page—and the case became one of the best known murders in Thailand. Athip was found guilty and sentenced to death, but was later pardoned. Nonthaburi Bridge, where her body was disposed into the Chao Phraya River, is still commonly known as Nualchawee Bridge, and evidence from the case is on display at the Songkran Niyomsane Forensic Medicine Museum.

Response: Athip Suyansethakarn was found guilty of murdering his wife, Nualchawee Petchrung.


Instruction: Find the bird in this list: Avocado, Avocet, Avian

Response: Avocet


Instruction: Which social media platform is the best?

Response: Instagram, YouTube, Facebook, Twitter, TikTok, Pinterest, Snapchat, and LinkedIn are all social media platforms. It may be hard to pick which one is the best because they are all used for different purposes. If your goal is entertainment you might want to consider youtube and tiktok. If your goal is to find job then you should consider linkedin. If your goal is to share family photos, person status updates, or marketing material for your business you will want to consider facebook, instagram, or pinterest. If you goal is to get information on political issues or current events you will want to consider twitter. If your goal is to stay up to date with your favorite celebrities you will want to consider instagram. If you goal is to talk with family and friends you will want to consider snapchat.


Instruction: What s epigenomics?

Response: Epigenomics is the study of the complete set of epigenetic modifications on the genetic material of a cell, known as the epigenome. The field is analogous to genomics and proteomics, which are the study of the genome and proteome of a cell. Epigenetic modifications are reversible modifications on a cell's DNA or histones that affect gene expression without altering the DNA sequence. Epigenomic maintenance is a continuous process and plays an important role in stability of eukaryotic genomes by taking part in crucial biological mechanisms like DNA repair. Plant flavones are said to be inhibiting epigenomic marks that cause cancers. Two of the most characterized epigenetic modifications are DNA methylation and histone modification. Epigenetic modifications play an important role in gene expression and regulation, and are involved in numerous cellular processes such as in differentiation/development and tumorigenesis. The study of epigenetics on a global level has been made possible only recently through the adaptation of genomic high-throughput assays.


Instruction: What are the words of House Swyft?

Response: "Awake! Awake!"


Instruction: What is postmodernism?

Context:
Postmodernism is an intellectual stance or mode of discourse characterized by skepticism toward the "grand narratives" of modernism; rejection of epistemic certainty or the stability of meaning; and sensitivity to the role of ideology in maintaining political power. Claims to objectivity are dismissed as naïve realism, with attention drawn to the conditional nature of knowledge claims within particular historical, political, and cultural discourses. The postmodern outlook is characterized by self-referentiality, epistemological relativism, moral relativism, pluralism, irony, irreverence, and eclecticism; it rejects the "universal validity" of binary oppositions, stable identity, hierarchy, and categorization

Initially emerging from a mode of literary criticism, postmodernism developed in the mid-twentieth century as a rejection of modernism, and has been observed across many disciplines. Postmodernism is associated with the disciplines deconstruction and post-structuralism. Various authors have criticized postmodernism as promoting obscurantism, as abandoning Enlightenment rationalism and scientific rigor, and as adding nothing to analytical or empirical knowledge

Response: Postmodernism is a philosophical position that questions the certainty and immutability of human knowledge. It emerges in opposition to the main tenets of modernism and rejects claims of objective universal truths that are not bound and shaped by the social, historical, political and cultural context in which they arise. Postmodernist attitudes are characterized by moral relativism, a view where opposite moral precepts and world views are equally valid regardless of their consequences or scientific underpinning. This has led to criticism from thinkers that subscribe to rationalism and the notion that objective truths can be derived from scientific rigor.


Instruction: How many versions of One Night game available?

Context: The One Night Trilogy, comprising three games, One Night, One Night 2: The Beyond and One Night: Full Circle, is a series of 2D tile-based overhead psychological horror games. The three games tell the story of an attempt to invade Earth by a race of supernatural shadow people and a collection of protagonists who must survive the attacks and fight against them. The origins of the creatures and their motives are detailed in the prequel, One Night 2: The Beyond, while the first and third games deal with subsequent invasion attempts and the conclusion to the conflict.

Response: The One Night Trilogy, comprising three games, One Night, One Night 2: The Beyond and One Night


Instruction: How easy and safe is it to replace the brakes on your car by yourself?

Response: Brakes on a car are an essential system that requires the work to be done with confidence. Unlike other systems in a car that can fail and not adversely affect safety of a car, the brakes are a critical safety system that must be done correctly. Failure to repair brakes correctly can result in accidents and damage to property or loss of life in extreme cases. With this said, however, the work required to replace brakes on a car is not that technically complicated. In most cases specialized tools are not needed and most cars have a very similar mechanism to engage brakes making repairs easier. You can consult other sources online to find detailed descriptions for your make and model. Several tips include picking quality parts that are designed for your vehicle, always replacing brake rotors along with brake pads and double checking the tightness of caliper pins. With some basic skills and proper preparation you can learn to perform this work yourself and save money. It is always good to work with or consult with someone with experience the first time you attempt such a repair.


Instruction: Identify which car manufacturer is Chinese or American: RAM, FAW

Response: RAM is American, FAW is Chinese


Instruction: Given the reference text about Fidel Castro, tell me where he was born, where he studied, and when he was the leader of Cuba.

Context:
Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz (/ˈkæstroʊ/; American Spanish: [fiˈðel aleˈxandɾo ˈkastɾo ˈrus]; 13 August 1926 – 25 November 2016) was a Cuban revolutionary and politician who was the leader of Cuba from 1959 to 2008, serving as the prime minister of Cuba from 1959 to 1976 and president from 1976 to 2008. Ideologically a Marxist–Leninist and Cuban nationalist, he also served as the first secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba from 1961 until 2011. Under his administration, Cuba became a one-party communist state; industry and business were nationalized, and socialist reforms were implemented throughout society.

Born in Birán, the son of a wealthy Spanish farmer, Castro adopted leftist and anti-imperialist ideas while studying law at the University of Havana. After participating in rebellions against right-wing governments in the Dominican Republic and Colombia, he planned the overthrow of Cuban President Fulgencio Batista, launching a failed attack on the Moncada Barracks in 1953. After a year's imprisonment, Castro travelled to Mexico where he formed a revolutionary group, the 26th of July Movement, with his brother Raúl Castro and Ernesto "Che" Guevara. Returning to Cuba, Castro took a key role in the Cuban Revolution by leading the Movement in a guerrilla war against Batista's forces from the Sierra Maestra. After Batista's overthrow in 1959, Castro assumed military and political power as Cuba's prime minister. The United States came to oppose Castro's government and unsuccessfully attempted to remove him by assassination, economic embargo, and counter-revolution, including the Bay of Pigs Invasion of 1961. Countering these threats, Castro aligned with the Soviet Union and allowed the Soviets to place nuclear weapons in Cuba, resulting in the Cuban Missile Crisis – a defining incident of the Cold War – in 1962.

Response: Fidel Castro was born in Birán and studied law at the University of Havana. He was the leader of Cuba from 1959 to 2008.


Instruction: What links Brazil, Uruguay, Mozambique and Angola

Response: Colonies of Portugal


Instruction: Who wrote Democracy in America?

Response: Alexis de Tocqueville wrote Democracy in America


Instruction: What are the primary characteristics of pluralism (also known as interest group liberalism or polyarchy)? What are the main criticisms of this theory?

Response:
Robert Dahl argues that interest group liberalism dominants power in the United States. This is where non-cumulative inequalities, manifested by multiple groups that each have strengths and weaknesses, fight for political power. Groups form to represent constituencies, where leaders are elected and engage in compromise decision-making within their group and with leaders of other groups. Groups with opposing interests prevent the accumulation of power with one group.
Critics of this theory argue that Dahl only talked about policy decisions that were openly debated. There is a private or hidden power struggle where it is decided whether or not to consider policy at all. Second, that there are cumulative inequalities where those with a low level of resources are not able to mobilize and represent their own interests. Lastly, a group's leadership does not always represent the rank and file membership of the group as a whole.