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research | Ashesi | 5-6 | III Abstract Disaster is an unfortunate, yet common phenomenon in our world today. This phenomenon stakes undesirable claims on lives, infrastructure and services alike. Those affected both directly and indirectly must overcome challenges, not only during but also, after the occurrence of disasters. Imperatively, it is... |
research | Ashesi | 9-10 | VII List of Figures Figure Description Fig. 1.0 The absence of a disaster management application in Ghana Fig. 1.1 Pie chart showing the desire for a disaster management application Fig. 2.0 Use case diagram Fig. 3.0 High level system architecture Fig. 3.1 MVP vs MVC architecture patterns Fig. 4.0 Map interface Fig. 4.... |
research | Ashesi | 11-12 | 2 1.2 Related Work & Literature Ghanaian attempts to curtail these menaces have been on the low thus far. One of such good inputs is the application SnooCODE RED, developed by TinyDavid Limited. The application, which has been adopted by the Ghana National Ambulance Service, generates a unique 6-digit alphanumeric code... |
research | Ashesi | 13-14 | 4 recovery mode. In the aftermath of a disaster, this application will facilitate effective accounting for affected persons and distribution of aid based on needs and not media pressure. 1.4 Motivation The application is strictly in line with the National Disaster Management Organizations’ (NADMO) objective: “to streng... |
research | Ashesi | 15-16 | 6 2.2 Software Requirements Specification 2.2.1 Scope Disaster Aide is an Android application that allows citizens to report occurrences of various disasters with a captioned image or video along with the location (GPS and word- described). The user specifies the type of disaster while reporting so that response can be... |
research | Ashesi | 17-18 | 8 2.2.4.1.1 Login Table 2.2.4.1.1a: Use case for login Use Case Name Login Actor Citizen Trigger The citizen taps on the application’s icon from the phone’s menu Precondition a. The citizen must be on the home screen or applications menu. It must be the first time of using of the application or user must be logged out.... |
research | Ashesi | 19-20 | 10 Use Case Name Contact agency Actor Citizen Trigger The user taps on the phone or message icon on a listed agency. Precondition The user must have selected Contacts section of the application on the . From the list of agencies provided, the user may either tap on the phone icon to call or the message icon to send a m... |
research | Ashesi | 21-22 | 12 Chapter 3: Architecture and Design This chapter gives a high level description of the disaster management system’s architecture. The architecture pattern followed in the development of the application is also expounded in detail. 3.1 System Architecture There are two main points of usage for the application: an end ... |
research | Ashesi | 23-24 | Following that is a list of tools and technologies used in the implementation of the disaster management system. 4.1 Process Model The application was developed incrementally using Extreme Programming (XP), a kind of agile software development. Development was carried out incrementally using ‘stories’ that are further ... |
research | Ashesi | 25-26 | 16 4.3 User Interfaces 4.3.1 Map This interface allows the user to interact with the map. The current location of the device is represented by the blue dot. 4.0: Map interface A search bar is provided at the top for users to search locations. Auto completion is added using the Google Places API. 4.1: Search with autoco... |
research | Ashesi | 27-28 | 18 4.3.3 Contacts This interface allows users to call or text the listed agencies. 4.4: Contacts interface 4.3.4 Reports Reports made by the user are listed in this section of the application. 4.5: Reports interface 19 4.3.5 Capture Users capture disasters by tapping on the capture button on the bottom navigation view.... |
research | Ashesi | 29-30 | 20 4.4 Tools and Technologies 4.4.1 Android Studio Android studio is an integrated development environment for Android application development. Development was done solely in Android Studio. 4.4.2 Firebase Firebase is a product of Google that offers services in web hosting, realtime database, storage, authentication, c... |
research | Ashesi | 31-32 | 22 the need for permission to access the device’s location and GPS to be turned on. Using the latest standards in requesting for permissions, the application rightfully requested for location permission the first time the map section was opened. Upon rejecting, the application continuously prompted for the permission t... |
research | Ashesi | 33-34 | 24 5.3 User Testing The application was tested by students from Ashesi University College. Since the usage of the application does not require any particular background, testers were randomly selected. Twenty testers were allowed to test the application. For some users, the application was installed on an Infinix Hot 4... |
research | Ashesi | 35-36 | 26 Chapter 6: Conclusion and Recommendations In this paper, the procedures for developing the disaster management application has been properly outlined. Requirements gathered from prospective users of the application and other stakeholders guided the development process to ensure that the application is going to be us... |
research | Ashesi | 39-40 | 30 Appendix A: Questionnaire This questionnaire is to help gather information needed to develop a disaster management application for citizens to report occurrences of disasters and effectively communicate with disaster management agencies in Ghana. The application when developed will also provide accessible data for t... |
research | Ashesi | 41-42 | 32 1 - most important | 5 - least important Mark only one oval per row. 1 2 3 4 5 Partner Disaster Management Agency (eg. NADMO, Fire service etc) Parent(s)/Guardian(s) Sibling Media house (eg. radio station) 11. If you have tried contacting any agency in the event of a disaster, kindly share your experience. Disaster ... |
research | Ashesi | 1-2 | Capstone: Applied Project Topic: Improving Attendance Tracking in Tertiary Institutions using Automated Face Recognition and QR Code Technology Mentor: Mr. Joseph Agyapong Mensah Paa Kwesi Addae 66492023 ii DECLARATION I hereby declare that this applied project is the result of my own original work and that no part of ... |
research | Ashesi | 3-4 | iii Acknowledgements I would like to thank God, my parents and those that have surrounded me throughout this educational journey (Philip, Nkunim, Michael, Amma, Kojo, Herbert and Deborah). This would have been impossible without them. I would also like to thank technology, Google, Stackoverflow and associated resources... |
research | Ashesi | 7-8 | 1 Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 Background Attendance tracking plays a crucial role in the daily operations of institutions across various industries. Nonetheless, record-keeping for assessment purposes emerges as a common rationale underlying attendance tracking practices. Institutions have even taken measures to addres... |
research | Ashesi | 9-10 | 2 to the honor code. This work seeks to develop an automated face-based attendance management system to address these challenges. 1.3 Motivation One important selling point of Ashesi University is the ability of a single lecturer to be able to concentrate on the individual needs of students due to the class sizes. The ... |
research | Ashesi | 11-12 | 4 relevance to the institutions they are made for, reliance and the statistics to show their improvement from more traditional methods, they all seem to focus a little less on preventing absent students from bypassing the system. Aside from the FRACAS and RFID tag system, which stated possible future works to address t... |
research | Ashesi | 13-14 | To obtain these varying perspectives, more than one group of stakeholders will have to be considered to develop this system. In doing so, the system can be developed to meet the needs of all stakeholders involved, and in the worst-case scenario satisfy their basic needs. To help develop functional and non-functional re... |
research | Ashesi | 15-16 | 8 2.5 Functional Requirements The project focuses on automation of an attendance system putting ease and efficiency at the forefront. Students interact with the system by facing the camera and scanning their student QR codes and on the other end lecturers will be able to view the attendance form of their class and make... |
research | Ashesi | 17-18 | 10 an approach to view their attendance so far. Students are identified by facial recognition and unique QR codes which will depend on data already stored in a database system. Once a student is identified through the facial scan, the student is marked present for one half of the system. Once the student is also identi... |
research | Ashesi | 19-20 | 12 Chapter 3: Architecture and Design 3.1 Introduction This section focuses on the architecture and design of the automated attendance system being developed. The system will follow a three-tier architecture. 3.2 Three Tier System Architecture A three-tier architecture is made up of an interactive front end, backend, a... |
research | Ashesi | 21-22 | 14 Functional programming ensured correctness of the system. This is because the output of functions is dependent solely on their inputs. As such, this allowed the code to behave as expected and reduced the variety and likeliness of bugs or unexpected behavior that were obtained. Aside correctness, functional programmi... |
research | Ashesi | 23-24 | 16 ● Students are aware of the data being collected to make this system work. ● Users who opt for this system understand the risks involved with the holding of student data in the form of student identification numbers and facial recognition data. ● Courses in Ashesi can happen one time per day per cohort. ● All studen... |
research | Ashesi | 25-26 | 18 Chapter 4: Implementation 4.1 High level description The system works based on input being entered. A user (student in this case) has their information captured into the system. This information includes their names, school assigned emails, school assigned identification numbers, and an image of their faces. The fac... |
research | Ashesi | 27-28 | 20 from each student is their name, school assigned identification number, their school assigned email addresses, and a picture of their face. These are all stored in a MySQL database in one form or the other and are accessed for use later. These are mainly done from the administrator’s section of the interface. Figure... |
research | Ashesi | 29-30 | 22 Figure 4.3 Code for encoding face. 4.2.2 Generate and deploy QR code Another important feature of the system is the admin’s ability to generate and send out unique QR codes. This utilizes the student’s name, ID and email that has been collected previously. As one should be able to tell by now, this also happens on t... |
research | Ashesi | 31-32 | 24 Figure 4.5.2 Code for creating QR. Once the generate button is clicked, the code above runs. The system collects the student information from the database and generates a random key using () and the SHA function. The QR codes are attached to emails and sent out to the respective students using (). 4.2.3 Facial recog... |
research | Ashesi | 33-34 | 26 Figure 4.7 Code for face identification and recognition In the set of codes above, SQL statements are created to allow for attendance in the database to be updated as per use of the system. Each frame from the video feed is stored in the variable, facesCurrentFrame, and encoded to find the unique set of values that ... |
research | Ashesi | 35-36 | 28 The above code deals with instances where the face is matched. Upon matching, the name and identification number of the student is assigned to the variable name these variables, including time, and date are inserted into the database to update attendance. Remember that the attendance taking aspect of the system has ... |
research | Ashesi | 37-38 | 30 Figure 4.10 QR recognition class The above code snippet shows the SQL statements that control the updating of the QR code attendance in the database. Figure 4.11.1 Code for Barcode detection If the video feed can be opened and a frame captured, the captured frame has its colour scheme changed to grayscale because it... |
research | Ashesi | 39-40 | 32 The user’s name is also displayed on the screen just under the QR code framing. Just like in the face recognition process, the QR code table is checked to see if the student already exists and based on this response either adds the student’s information into the QR table and or the course table. The QR column is upd... |
research | Ashesi | 41-42 | 34 A separate window is created and two drop downs containing the subjects and dates are also created. From these dropdowns the necessary data can be selected and downloaded. Figure 4.14 Admin download attendance page Aside from downloading, the data selected can also be displayed in a table created below the dropdowns... |
research | Ashesi | 43-44 | 36 Chapter 5: Testing The final aspect of this project after its implementation is testing it out. This project aims to improve the current attendance taking process in Ashesi. Testing this system includes functional tests of the attendance system and subjective tests to assess how users respond to the system. 5.1 Syst... |
research | Ashesi | 45-46 | What made more of a difference was the placement of the light source. When the light source is placed behind the subject, the system finds it hard to identify a face in the frame. On the other hand, the system was able to identify a face in the frame when the light source was placed behind the camera. Figure 5.2 Compar... |
research | Ashesi | 47-48 | 40 Figure 5.4 Code for unit testing face identification 5.2 User Experience and Acceptance Testing The user experience and acceptance testing was done to get the honest opinions of all that used the system. In this case, that was the faculty intern and the students who opted to use the system for the week. This was don... |
research | Ashesi | 49-50 | 42 Chapter 6: Conclusion and Recommendations 6.1 Conclusion In conclusion, this automated attendance system has proven to be able to work in taking accurate attendance data and easing the attendance taking process. This system makes it harder for student to dupe the system whilst streamlining the whole attendance takin... |
research | Ashesi | 51-52 | 44 § Changing of the facial recognition model to one that has a higher level of accuracy. Other facial recognition modules such as MTCNN and Haar Cascade can be tested out to see which gives a better level of accuracy and authenticity. The better one can be used as such. § A separate dedicated device can be set up to a... |
research | Ashesi | 3-4 | i DECLARATION I hereby declare that this capstone is the result of my own original work and that no part of it has been presented for another degree in this university or elsewhere. Candidate’s Signature: …………………………………………………………………………………………… Candidate’s Name: …………………………………………………………………………………………… Date: …………………………………………………... |
research | Ashesi | 5-6 | iii Abstract Shea nut is a very important commodity across many parts of the African Continent. The Shea tree has numerous socio-cultural and economic benefits to people living in its geographic area and to the nation at large. Despite the fact that the shea nut industry has contributed significantly to the economic gr... |
research | Ashesi | 11-12 | 1 CHAPTER ONE 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Background Shea nut is one of the most important oil-bearing materials. Shea nuts are obtained from the Shea tree known as Vitellaria paradoxa. Shea trees are naturally found in 19 countries across the African Continent including Ghana, Cameroon, Central Africa Republic, Sierra Leone,... |
research | Ashesi | 13-14 | 3 overcome labour constraints hence intensify the production of cash crops. This could also increase efficiency. The availability of a machine that could perform these health-threatening tasks would help alleviate this problem. This work seeks to design a pedal-powered machine to enhance shea nut processing (roasting a... |
research | Ashesi | 15-16 | It covers almost the whole area of Northern Ghana, over about 77,670 square kilometers in Western Dagomba, Southern Mamprusi, Western Gonja, Lawra, Tumu, and Wa. In Ghana, about 9.4 million shea nut trees were projected to produce at least 60,000 metric tonnes of shea nuts per annum for the production of all shea butte... |
research | Ashesi | 17-18 | 7 Figure 2.2: Import of Shea nut by European Countries (CBI) 2.2 Applications and Uses of Shea Butter Shea tree has both economic and social or socio-cultural values with applications in industries such as food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetics. Shea oil is a common ingredient in cooking, and it is the primary cooking oil... |
research | Ashesi | 19-20 | 9 Figure 2.3: Flow chart of shea butter making process. Each stage in the process is done manually or traditionally. This could be time-consuming, physically exhausting, and labor-intensive due to the unavailability or the inaccessibility of a machine to lessen the intensive nature of labour associated with the shea bu... |
research | Ashesi | 21-22 | 11 2.5 Unresolved Issues(challenges) The existing technologies have shown remarkable improvement in handling shea nut processing. However, they are not without challenges for improvement. The current machines use electric motors. In the case of rural communities without the national grid or some form of power generatio... |
research | Ashesi | 23-24 | 13 CHAPTER THREE 3.0 Materials and Methods This section of the paper details the design of the machine and the mathematical analysis of the various components. A design criterion was used for the various conceptual designs of the proposed machine. The material selection for the various components is analysed based on c... |
research | Ashesi | 25-26 | 15 3.1.3 Seat Post Analysis Figure 3.2: Seat post The seat post refers to the tube which extends from the bicycle frame to the saddle. It is the bar that supports and positions the saddle on top of it. There is a significant amount of force that the ground transmitted up through the frame and seat post into the user al... |
research | Ashesi | 27-28 | 17 3.1.4 Analysis of Shaft Figure 3.3: Solid Shaft The shaft in the roasting cylinder is responsible for the mixing and turning of the shea nut as it is being roasted. The understanding of the shaft design is needed to prevent failure of the shaft during the operation of the machine. The rotation of the solid shaft is ... |
research | Ashesi | 29-30 | 19 Therefore, for 104 , 𝑆𝑓 ′ = 133.1(104)−0.00785 = 65 kpsi. 3.2 Conceptual Designs Conceptual design ideas were considered at the beginning of the design phase using hand sketches. Considerations focused on identifying the technical and economic feasibility of the project. Thus, parameters include; ease of operation... |
research | Ashesi | 31-32 | 21 3.2.3 Design concept 3 Design concept 3 (Fig. 3.6) does not include the bicycle frame and seat post. It has a pedal attached to a sprocket mounted on a stand. This design has a pedal and a hand crank that gives the user the option to turn the roaster by hand. The hand crank is insulated since it can be hot during ro... |
research | Ashesi | 33-34 | 23 Figure 3.7: Flow chart of operation of machine. 3.5 Material Selection Material selection is the foundation and a vital component of a design project. The selection process of material for the component involves consideration towards the application requirements, the likely materials, and the physical principles. Ma... |
research | Ashesi | 35-36 | 25 of the machines for which the material selection would be applied is described in details as follows: i. Shaft The main important part of the system is the shaft (Fig. It is the rotating member of the system within the roasting cylinder, and it is responsible for providing stirring/scooping action during roasting/sh... |
research | Ashesi | 37-38 | 27 Considering the design specifications, the shaft component needs to be light and stiff, and the chart is annotated to help find the suitable or appropriate material for the shaft. This was done by placing a selection box to show the stiff and light materials as shown in Fig 3.10. Figure 3.10 Youngs modulus vs. densi... |
research | Ashesi | 39-40 | 29 Figure 3.12 Young’s modulus vs Density From the chart above it can be observed that metals such as aluminium and magnesium are very light and can be useful for light, stiff components. Steel, on the other hand, has a relatively high density, and it is also stiff. Apart from the fact that it has high strength, its co... |
research | Ashesi | 41-42 | 31 The material for the cylinder must be light and strong. The material index that characterizes the performance can be calculated as follows: 𝐹𝑓𝑏 𝐹𝑓𝑏 𝑜 = 16𝜋𝐼2 𝑌𝑚2 𝐴3 = ∅𝑏 𝑓 (3.19) 𝐴= ( 16𝜋𝐼2 𝑌𝑚2 ∅𝑏 𝑓) 1 3 but 𝐼 𝑌𝑚= 𝐹𝑓𝐿 𝐶𝜎𝑓 𝐴= ( 16𝜋𝐹𝑓 2𝐿2 𝐶𝑚 2 𝜎𝑓 2∅𝑏 𝑓) 1 3 (3.20) 𝑚= ( 16𝜋𝐹�... |
research | Ashesi | 43-44 | 33 The shearing method of cutting is preferred to the other forms of because shearing performs a straight line without the formation of any chips or burning and melting of materials. This makes the process very efficient because there is less loss of materials Also, it is cost effective for high-output operations. Reas... |
research | Ashesi | 45-46 | 35 3.8.3 Rolling The rolling process consists of passing the metal through the rollers rotating in opposite directions. The 100cmx 300cm sheet of metal is passed through the gaps to be rolled. The rollers compress the metal while simultaneously shifting it forward due to the action of friction at the interface between ... |
research | Ashesi | 47-48 | 37 Figure 4.2: Vibrational Modes: (a) Mode 1, (b) Mode 2, (c) Mode 3, (d) Mode 4, and (e)Mode 5 38 Table 4.1 Natural frequencies of cylinder at each mode Mode no. Frequency (Rad/sec) Frequency (Hertz) Period(seconds) 1 2947.5 469.18 0.0021314 2 3955.3 629.51 0.0015885 3 8974.4 1428.3 0.00070013 4 9683.2 1541.1 0.000648... |
research | Ashesi | 49-50 | 39 Figure 4.3: Heat distribution of cylinder 4.2 Static Stress Analysis of Shaft. Static analysis was used to define the stress, deformation, and displacements due to static force or loading condition. It assumes that the relationship between the applied load and the structural response is linear. The main goal is to c... |
research | Ashesi | 51-52 | 41 In view of that, the simulation was also done for a range of different filter radiuses on the shaft: 0 mm filler radius, 5 mm filler radius, 10 mm filler radius, and 20 mm filler radius. (a) (b) (c) (d) Figure 4.5: Effect of fillet radius on stress distribution of shaft at 100 N load applied: (a) 5mm filler radius, ... |
research | Ashesi | 53-54 | 43 (a) (b) (c) (d) Figure 4.7: Effect of fillet radius on torsional simulation of shaft at 100 N load applied: (a) 5mm filler radius, (b) 10mm filler radius, (c) 15mm filler radius, and (d) 20mm filler radius. In order to observe clearly the difference in the magnitude of the shear stress applied on the shaft with resp... |
research | Ashesi | 55-56 | 45 CHAPTER FIVE 5.0 Conclusion, Remarks, and Recommendations 5.1 Conclusions This project aimed at the design of a pedal-powered machine to enhance shear nut processing. Three design concepts were considered and subjected to various criteria after which the second design concept was eventually chosen as the final desig... |
research | Ashesi | 57-58 | A Shehu, S. M. Dauda and D. Ahmad, “Design, fabrication and testing of shea nut shelling machine”. International Food and Research Journal, vol. A Shehu, I. M. Gana and AA. Balami, “Development and Testing of Indigenous Shea Butter Processing Plant in Nigeria”, Journal of Food Chemistry & Nanotechnology. Available at h... |
research | Ashesi | 59-60 | “Shea Butter Production and Resource Use by Urban and Rural Processors in Northern Ghana”, Sustainability, vol. “Medicinal and Nutritional Benefits from the Shea Tree” Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Health, vol. Advances in Biochemistry. A. Warra, “Cosmetic Potentials of African Shea nut (Vitellaria paradoxa) butt... |
research | Ashesi | 1-2 | CASE: E290 DATE: 06/16/08 Sean Harrington prepared this case under the supervision of Professor Garth Saloner as the basis for class discussion rather than to illustrate either effective or ineffective handling of an administrative situation. This case was made possible through the generous support of The G. Leonard an... |
research | Ashesi | 3-4 | Ashesi University E290 p. 3 advance to the next level of economic and social development. Ghana’s education system was in crisis—its limited capacity was unable to meet demand,4 the infrastructure was underfunded and deteriorating, and the quality of the curriculum and teaching was not equipping students with the skill... |
research | Ashesi | 5-6 | Ashesi University E290 p. 5 Moving Beyond the Classroom As graduation from the MBA program approached in the spring of 1999, Awuah’s dedication to starting the university was tested once again. Managers within Microsoft had made it clear that he would be welcomed back to his old employer with open arms. Several other r... |
research | Ashesi | 7-8 | Ashesi University E290 p. 7 ASHESI UNIVERSITY—THE EARLY YEARS In September 2001, Ashesi University received confirmation that their application for accreditation, which had been filed a year and a half earlier, had finally been approved by the NAB. With Wulff’s help, the Ashesi team had located and rented a building in... |
research | Ashesi | 9-10 | Ashesi University E290 p. 9 Fund-Raising and Financial Performance Raising the money to get Ashesi started and fuel its growth required Awuah’s perpetual attention and energy. The majority of his efforts in this regard took place in the Seattle area, influencing him to keep his full-time residence there until 2003, bef... |
research | Ashesi | 11-12 | Ashesi University E290 p. 11 To help provide entrepreneurial training and support, the school offered a two-quarter capstone course that walked students through the process of analyzing a new venture idea and preparing a business plan. Although optional, the class had become one of the university’s most popular. In add... |
research | Ashesi | 13-14 | Ashesi University E290 p. 13 After describing the prevalence of academic dishonesty throughout Ghana’s entire education system, the student asked, “How can we continue to do the same thing everyone else is doing and expect a different result?” Building a Permanent Campus Moving Ashesi to a permanent residential campus,... |
research | Ashesi | 15-16 | Ashesi University E290 p. 15 Exhibit 1 Ghana World Rankings—2007 Organization Survey Ranking Heritage Foundation/The Wall Street Journal Index of Economic Freedom 91 out of 157 Reporters Without Borders Worldwide Press Freedom Index 29 out of 168 Transparency International Corruption Perception Index 69 out of 179 Unit... |
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