diff --git "a/B4a0WdGp52g.txt" "b/B4a0WdGp52g.txt"
new file mode 100644--- /dev/null
+++ "b/B4a0WdGp52g.txt"
@@ -0,0 +1,13283 @@
+align:start position:0%
+ 
+so
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so
+we won't get through the whole attention
+
+ align:start position:0%
+we won't get through the whole attention
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+we won't get through the whole attention
+lecture i saw this coming i just felt
+
+ align:start position:0%
+lecture i saw this coming i just felt
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+lecture i saw this coming i just felt
+like that last bit was important enough
+
+ align:start position:0%
+like that last bit was important enough
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+like that last bit was important enough
+we'll cut as needed but i do want to
+
+ align:start position:0%
+we'll cut as needed but i do want to
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+we'll cut as needed but i do want to
+talk about attention and let me start by
+
+ align:start position:0%
+talk about attention and let me start by
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+talk about attention and let me start by
+uh sharing you with you some of the key
+
+ align:start position:0%
+uh sharing you with you some of the key
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+uh sharing you with you some of the key
+ideas about what attention is
+
+ align:start position:0%
+ideas about what attention is
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+ideas about what attention is
+okay
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay
+so to get into the mode of thinking
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so to get into the mode of thinking
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so to get into the mode of thinking
+about those let's consider the following
+
+ align:start position:0%
+about those let's consider the following
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+about those let's consider the following
+question
+
+ align:start position:0%
+question
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+question
+how do you feel about people driving
+
+ align:start position:0%
+how do you feel about people driving
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+how do you feel about people driving
+while talking on their cell phones
+
+ align:start position:0%
+while talking on their cell phones
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+while talking on their cell phones
+smart
+
+ align:start position:0%
+smart
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+smart
+not smart
+
+ align:start position:0%
+not smart
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+not smart
+and while you're thinking about that
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and while you're thinking about that
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and while you're thinking about that
+also consider the case like let's
+
+ align:start position:0%
+also consider the case like let's
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+also consider the case like let's
+suppose that you have had a hands-free
+
+ align:start position:0%
+suppose that you have had a hands-free
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+suppose that you have had a hands-free
+setup so you don't have to be looking
+
+ align:start position:0%
+setup so you don't have to be looking
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+setup so you don't have to be looking
+down on your cell phone or typing away
+
+ align:start position:0%
+down on your cell phone or typing away
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+down on your cell phone or typing away
+um
+
+ align:start position:0%
+um
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+um
+or holding your cell phone
+
+ align:start position:0%
+or holding your cell phone
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+or holding your cell phone
+maybe that's okay
+
+ align:start position:0%
+maybe that's okay
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+maybe that's okay
+what do you think
+
+ align:start position:0%
+what do you think
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+what do you think
+is there no problem with driving
+
+ align:start position:0%
+is there no problem with driving
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+is there no problem with driving
+while talking on your cell phone
+
+ align:start position:0%
+while talking on your cell phone
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+while talking on your cell phone
+provided you're not looking down and
+
+ align:start position:0%
+provided you're not looking down and
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+provided you're not looking down and
+pecking away at it
+
+ align:start position:0%
+ 
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+ 
+yes what do you think
+
+ align:start position:0%
+yes what do you think
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+yes what do you think
+i wonder what you really think i know
+
+ align:start position:0%
+i wonder what you really think i know
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+i wonder what you really think i know
+what all the you know pr says
+
+ align:start position:0%
+what all the you know pr says
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+what all the you know pr says
+is it fine
+
+ align:start position:0%
+is it fine
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+is it fine
+yes
+
+ align:start position:0%
+yes
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+yes
+i would say it depends on like whether
+
+ align:start position:0%
+i would say it depends on like whether
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+i would say it depends on like whether
+you're driving like if the road is clear
+
+ align:start position:0%
+you're driving like if the road is clear
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+you're driving like if the road is clear
+and it's like your usual path it's like
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and it's like your usual path it's like
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and it's like your usual path it's like
+driving is pretty automatic at that
+
+ align:start position:0%
+driving is pretty automatic at that
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+driving is pretty automatic at that
+point but if it's like high traffic or a
+
+ align:start position:0%
+point but if it's like high traffic or a
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+point but if it's like high traffic or a
+new area and i think it would have a
+
+ align:start position:0%
+new area and i think it would have a
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+new area and i think it would have a
+significant effect
+
+ align:start position:0%
+significant effect
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+significant effect
+totally
+
+ align:start position:0%
+totally
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+totally
+my rule is if i am talking on my cell
+
+ align:start position:0%
+my rule is if i am talking on my cell
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+my rule is if i am talking on my cell
+phone
+
+ align:start position:0%
+phone
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+phone
+certainly if i'm turning left i put the
+
+ align:start position:0%
+certainly if i'm turning left i put the
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+certainly if i'm turning left i put the
+damn cell phone on my lap and i tell
+
+ align:start position:0%
+damn cell phone on my lap and i tell
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+damn cell phone on my lap and i tell
+whoever it is i can't
+
+ align:start position:0%
+whoever it is i can't
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+whoever it is i can't
+i can't talk to you and turn left at the
+
+ align:start position:0%
+i can't talk to you and turn left at the
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+i can't talk to you and turn left at the
+same time all right turning left is the
+
+ align:start position:0%
+same time all right turning left is the
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+same time all right turning left is the
+hardest thing we do
+
+ align:start position:0%
+hardest thing we do
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+hardest thing we do
+self-driving cars can't turn left have i
+
+ align:start position:0%
+self-driving cars can't turn left have i
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+self-driving cars can't turn left have i
+mentioned this how does a self-driving
+
+ align:start position:0%
+mentioned this how does a self-driving
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+mentioned this how does a self-driving
+car turn left it turns right three times
+
+ align:start position:0%
+car turn left it turns right three times
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+car turn left it turns right three times
+why is that because turning left is
+
+ align:start position:0%
+why is that because turning left is
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+why is that because turning left is
+social cognition
+
+ align:start position:0%
+social cognition
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+social cognition
+it's like
+
+ align:start position:0%
+it's like
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+it's like
+do they see me do they know i'm here are
+
+ align:start position:0%
+do they see me do they know i'm here are
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+do they see me do they know i'm here are
+they looking at my indicator do they
+
+ align:start position:0%
+they looking at my indicator do they
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+they looking at my indicator do they
+realize i'm gonna turn left this is hard
+
+ align:start position:0%
+realize i'm gonna turn left this is hard
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+realize i'm gonna turn left this is hard
+this is social cognition nobody's
+
+ align:start position:0%
+this is social cognition nobody's
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+this is social cognition nobody's
+mastered that yet anyway it's hard for
+
+ align:start position:0%
+mastered that yet anyway it's hard for
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+mastered that yet anyway it's hard for
+us too
+
+ align:start position:0%
+us too
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+us too
+anyway the real question here is not for
+
+ align:start position:0%
+anyway the real question here is not for
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+anyway the real question here is not for
+me to lecture you about driving
+
+ align:start position:0%
+me to lecture you about driving
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+me to lecture you about driving
+but to think about why
+
+ align:start position:0%
+but to think about why
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+but to think about why
+is that a problem why can't you talk to
+
+ align:start position:0%
+is that a problem why can't you talk to
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+is that a problem why can't you talk to
+a person
+
+ align:start position:0%
+a person
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+a person
+and pay attention to driving what is the
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and pay attention to driving what is the
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and pay attention to driving what is the
+big deal
+
+ align:start position:0%
+big deal
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+big deal
+right
+
+ align:start position:0%
+right
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+right
+and so the intuition is we have some
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and so the intuition is we have some
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and so the intuition is we have some
+kind of limited processing ability okay
+
+ align:start position:0%
+kind of limited processing ability okay
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+kind of limited processing ability okay
+we're not like
+
+ align:start position:0%
+we're not like
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+we're not like
+super super computers who can just do
+
+ align:start position:0%
+super super computers who can just do
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+super super computers who can just do
+millions of things at once we have some
+
+ align:start position:0%
+millions of things at once we have some
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+millions of things at once we have some
+kind of limit in how much stuff we can
+
+ align:start position:0%
+kind of limit in how much stuff we can
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+kind of limit in how much stuff we can
+handle okay and i think everybody will
+
+ align:start position:0%
+handle okay and i think everybody will
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+handle okay and i think everybody will
+have this intuition
+
+ align:start position:0%
+have this intuition
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+have this intuition
+um
+
+ align:start position:0%
+um
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+um
+you can't think about lots of different
+
+ align:start position:0%
+you can't think about lots of different
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+you can't think about lots of different
+things at once i like to think of this
+
+ align:start position:0%
+things at once i like to think of this
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+things at once i like to think of this
+as the toaster model of cognition
+
+ align:start position:0%
+as the toaster model of cognition
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+as the toaster model of cognition
+that is you plug in the toaster and the
+
+ align:start position:0%
+that is you plug in the toaster and the
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+that is you plug in the toaster and the
+light stem right so if everything's on
+
+ align:start position:0%
+light stem right so if everything's on
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+light stem right so if everything's on
+the same circuit there's some kind of
+
+ align:start position:0%
+the same circuit there's some kind of
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+the same circuit there's some kind of
+unitary thing resource that's limited
+
+ align:start position:0%
+unitary thing resource that's limited
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+unitary thing resource that's limited
+and it's more of it goes here less of it
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and it's more of it goes here less of it
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and it's more of it goes here less of it
+goes here
+
+ align:start position:0%
+goes here
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+goes here
+okay so obviously we don't have simple
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay so obviously we don't have simple
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay so obviously we don't have simple
+circuits like that in our brain and the
+
+ align:start position:0%
+circuits like that in our brain and the
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+circuits like that in our brain and the
+relevant
+
+ align:start position:0%
+relevant
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+relevant
+uh scarce commodity isn't just
+
+ align:start position:0%
+uh scarce commodity isn't just
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+uh scarce commodity isn't just
+electricity it's not electrons it's some
+
+ align:start position:0%
+electricity it's not electrons it's some
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+electricity it's not electrons it's some
+other kind of occult thing we don't
+
+ align:start position:0%
+other kind of occult thing we don't
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+other kind of occult thing we don't
+totally
+
+ align:start position:0%
+totally
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+totally
+understand but there's still some sense
+
+ align:start position:0%
+understand but there's still some sense
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+understand but there's still some sense
+in which some of our mental mental
+
+ align:start position:0%
+in which some of our mental mental
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+in which some of our mental mental
+processes are on the same circuit okay
+
+ align:start position:0%
+processes are on the same circuit okay
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+processes are on the same circuit okay
+i'm assuming everybody's sharing this
+
+ align:start position:0%
+i'm assuming everybody's sharing this
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+i'm assuming everybody's sharing this
+intuition here
+
+ align:start position:0%
+intuition here
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+intuition here
+so think about this how many people feel
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so think about this how many people feel
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so think about this how many people feel
+like you can listen to music and read
+
+ align:start position:0%
+like you can listen to music and read
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+like you can listen to music and read
+difficult stuff at the same time raise
+
+ align:start position:0%
+difficult stuff at the same time raise
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+difficult stuff at the same time raise
+your i'm curious how many people feel
+
+ align:start position:0%
+your i'm curious how many people feel
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+your i'm curious how many people feel
+like they can do that
+
+ align:start position:0%
+like they can do that
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+like they can do that
+only a few
+
+ align:start position:0%
+only a few
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+only a few
+that's so interesting
+
+ align:start position:0%
+that's so interesting
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+that's so interesting
+sort of yeah i can't do it at all like
+
+ align:start position:0%
+sort of yeah i can't do it at all like
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+sort of yeah i can't do it at all like
+at all like even background music that i
+
+ align:start position:0%
+at all like even background music that i
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+at all like even background music that i
+don't even care that much about
+
+ align:start position:0%
+don't even care that much about
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+don't even care that much about
+someday i mean i think these are really
+
+ align:start position:0%
+someday i mean i think these are really
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+someday i mean i think these are really
+stunning individual differences i don't
+
+ align:start position:0%
+stunning individual differences i don't
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+stunning individual differences i don't
+i don't know if there's any good work on
+
+ align:start position:0%
+i don't know if there's any good work on
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+i don't know if there's any good work on
+it i haven't seen it but i think it's
+
+ align:start position:0%
+it i haven't seen it but i think it's
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+it i haven't seen it but i think it's
+really interesting
+
+ align:start position:0%
+really interesting
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+really interesting
+um some people can some people can't i
+
+ align:start position:0%
+um some people can some people can't i
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+um some people can some people can't i
+don't know what's up with that
+
+ align:start position:0%
+don't know what's up with that
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+don't know what's up with that
+um
+
+ align:start position:0%
+um
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+um
+how about um recognizing faces and
+
+ align:start position:0%
+how about um recognizing faces and
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+how about um recognizing faces and
+scenes at the same time
+
+ align:start position:0%
+scenes at the same time
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+scenes at the same time
+can you do that yeah how many people
+
+ align:start position:0%
+can you do that yeah how many people
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+can you do that yeah how many people
+feel like you can sort of recognize a
+
+ align:start position:0%
+feel like you can sort of recognize a
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+feel like you can sort of recognize a
+face and a scene at the same time
+
+ align:start position:0%
+face and a scene at the same time
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+face and a scene at the same time
+right um in fact michael cohen who gave
+
+ align:start position:0%
+right um in fact michael cohen who gave
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+right um in fact michael cohen who gave
+that lecture on brain computer
+
+ align:start position:0%
+that lecture on brain computer
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+that lecture on brain computer
+interfaces a month ago or so
+
+ align:start position:0%
+interfaces a month ago or so
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+interfaces a month ago or so
+showed some beautiful work
+
+ align:start position:0%
+showed some beautiful work
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+showed some beautiful work
+that actually you are better at
+
+ align:start position:0%
+that actually you are better at
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+that actually you are better at
+recognizing
+
+ align:start position:0%
+recognizing
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+recognizing
+a face in a scene presented
+
+ align:start position:0%
+a face in a scene presented
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+a face in a scene presented
+simultaneously
+
+ align:start position:0%
+simultaneously
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+simultaneously
+then two faces
+
+ align:start position:0%
+then two faces
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+then two faces
+or two scenes
+
+ align:start position:0%
+or two scenes
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+or two scenes
+can you think why that might be
+
+ align:start position:0%
+can you think why that might be
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+can you think why that might be
+yeah isabel
+
+ align:start position:0%
+ 
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+ 
+say more
+
+ align:start position:0%
+say more
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+say more
+um
+
+ align:start position:0%
+ 
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+ 
+if you see
+
+ align:start position:0%
+if you see
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+if you see
+somebody in a familiar place
+
+ align:start position:0%
+somebody in a familiar place
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+somebody in a familiar place
+uh
+
+ align:start position:0%
+uh
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+uh
+either it even helps you identify them
+
+ align:start position:0%
+either it even helps you identify them
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+either it even helps you identify them
+as oh i know that that person and
+
+ align:start position:0%
+as oh i know that that person and
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+as oh i know that that person and
+obviously they're there
+
+ align:start position:0%
+obviously they're there
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+obviously they're there
+right so they can go together into a
+
+ align:start position:0%
+right so they can go together into a
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+right so they can go together into a
+thing maybe chunk it as a thing or
+
+ align:start position:0%
+thing maybe chunk it as a thing or
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+thing maybe chunk it as a thing or
+something that's a good answer it wasn't
+
+ align:start position:0%
+something that's a good answer it wasn't
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+something that's a good answer it wasn't
+the one i was fishing for
+
+ align:start position:0%
+the one i was fishing for
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+the one i was fishing for
+um yeah jimmy
+
+ align:start position:0%
+um yeah jimmy
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+um yeah jimmy
+think of it like if like
+
+ align:start position:0%
+think of it like if like
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+think of it like if like
+people and places are like separate
+
+ align:start position:0%
+people and places are like separate
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+people and places are like separate
+components like separate things that
+
+ align:start position:0%
+components like separate things that
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+components like separate things that
+your brain calculates if it's like two
+
+ align:start position:0%
+your brain calculates if it's like two
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+your brain calculates if it's like two
+faces like you have to calculate this
+
+ align:start position:0%
+faces like you have to calculate this
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+faces like you have to calculate this
+thing or the face
+
+ align:start position:0%
+thing or the face
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+thing or the face
+number one before going to face number
+
+ align:start position:0%
+number one before going to face number
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+number one before going to face number
+two whereas if it's
+
+ align:start position:0%
+two whereas if it's
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+two whereas if it's
+exactly
+
+ align:start position:0%
+exactly
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+exactly
+exactly and you do right you have an ffa
+
+ align:start position:0%
+exactly and you do right you have an ffa
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+exactly and you do right you have an ffa
+and a ppa and they're friends right
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and a ppa and they're friends right
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and a ppa and they're friends right
+so what michael showed is not just that
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so what michael showed is not just that
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so what michael showed is not just that
+you can recognize a face and hold it in
+
+ align:start position:0%
+you can recognize a face and hold it in
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+you can recognize a face and hold it in
+working memory a face in a scene better
+
+ align:start position:0%
+working memory a face in a scene better
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+working memory a face in a scene better
+than two faces or two scenes
+
+ align:start position:0%
+than two faces or two scenes
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+than two faces or two scenes
+but the degree to which you have that
+
+ align:start position:0%
+but the degree to which you have that
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+but the degree to which you have that
+cost of doing two things in one category
+
+ align:start position:0%
+cost of doing two things in one category
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+cost of doing two things in one category
+rather than spreading over two
+
+ align:start position:0%
+rather than spreading over two
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+rather than spreading over two
+categories
+
+ align:start position:0%
+categories
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+categories
+is linearly proportional
+
+ align:start position:0%
+is linearly proportional
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+is linearly proportional
+to how different the activation patterns
+
+ align:start position:0%
+to how different the activation patterns
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+to how different the activation patterns
+are for those categories in the ventral
+
+ align:start position:0%
+are for those categories in the ventral
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+are for those categories in the ventral
+visual pathway
+
+ align:start position:0%
+visual pathway
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+visual pathway
+so faces and scenes are totally
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so faces and scenes are totally
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so faces and scenes are totally
+different from each other and so you get
+
+ align:start position:0%
+different from each other and so you get
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+different from each other and so you get
+a big benefit
+
+ align:start position:0%
+a big benefit
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+a big benefit
+for
+
+ align:start position:0%
+for
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+for
+for separating your two items across
+
+ align:start position:0%
+for separating your two items across
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+for separating your two items across
+across faces and scenes
+
+ align:start position:0%
+across faces and scenes
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+across faces and scenes
+other things that are more similar in
+
+ align:start position:0%
+other things that are more similar in
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+other things that are more similar in
+their pattern of response
+
+ align:start position:0%
+their pattern of response
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+their pattern of response
+in the ventral pathway like faces and
+
+ align:start position:0%
+in the ventral pathway like faces and
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+in the ventral pathway like faces and
+bodies you get a smaller benefit
+
+ align:start position:0%
+bodies you get a smaller benefit
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+bodies you get a smaller benefit
+okay so it's consistent with this idea
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay so it's consistent with this idea
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay so it's consistent with this idea
+that to the degree that we have separate
+
+ align:start position:0%
+that to the degree that we have separate
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+that to the degree that we have separate
+processors you can do to some extent
+
+ align:start position:0%
+processors you can do to some extent
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+processors you can do to some extent
+processing in parallel okay
+
+ align:start position:0%
+processing in parallel okay
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+processing in parallel okay
+it doesn't explain why why not everybody
+
+ align:start position:0%
+it doesn't explain why why not everybody
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+it doesn't explain why why not everybody
+can
+
+ align:start position:0%
+can
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+can
+uh read and listen to music at the same
+
+ align:start position:0%
+uh read and listen to music at the same
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+uh read and listen to music at the same
+time because as i argued a few weeks ago
+
+ align:start position:0%
+time because as i argued a few weeks ago
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+time because as i argued a few weeks ago
+these things don't overlap at all
+
+ align:start position:0%
+these things don't overlap at all
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+these things don't overlap at all
+so there are many mysteries but there's
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so there are many mysteries but there's
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so there are many mysteries but there's
+some some intuition there
+
+ align:start position:0%
+some some intuition there
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+some some intuition there
+okay to get a little more intuition
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay to get a little more intuition
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay to get a little more intuition
+about uh limited processing capacity can
+
+ align:start position:0%
+about uh limited processing capacity can
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+about uh limited processing capacity can
+you guys see when i was sitting over
+
+ align:start position:0%
+you guys see when i was sitting over
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+you guys see when i was sitting over
+there last time i couldn't see the
+
+ align:start position:0%
+there last time i couldn't see the
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+there last time i couldn't see the
+screen at all
+
+ align:start position:0%
+screen at all
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+screen at all
+can you guys see it
+
+ align:start position:0%
+can you guys see it
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+can you guys see it
+it's okay all right yeah
+
+ align:start position:0%
+ 
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+ 
+uh not for me
+
+ align:start position:0%
+uh not for me
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+uh not for me
+instrumental music no lyrics still a
+
+ align:start position:0%
+instrumental music no lyrics still a
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+instrumental music no lyrics still a
+problem so i i don't know i mean i'm
+
+ align:start position:0%
+problem so i i don't know i mean i'm
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+problem so i i don't know i mean i'm
+sure there's a literature on this i just
+
+ align:start position:0%
+sure there's a literature on this i just
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+sure there's a literature on this i just
+don't happen to know it i'm just trying
+
+ align:start position:0%
+don't happen to know it i'm just trying
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+don't happen to know it i'm just trying
+to share the intuition
+
+ align:start position:0%
+to share the intuition
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+to share the intuition
+so i i don't it's not it's not the only
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so i i don't it's not it's not the only
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so i i don't it's not it's not the only
+thing for me
+
+ align:start position:0%
+ 
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+ 
+um
+
+ align:start position:0%
+um
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+um
+okay so what i'm going to do this is a
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay so what i'm going to do this is a
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay so what i'm going to do this is a
+super low tech demo i'm going to show
+
+ align:start position:0%
+super low tech demo i'm going to show
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+super low tech demo i'm going to show
+you an array of colored letters grab a
+
+ align:start position:0%
+you an array of colored letters grab a
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+you an array of colored letters grab a
+piece of paper or something where you
+
+ align:start position:0%
+piece of paper or something where you
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+piece of paper or something where you
+can write down a few letters
+
+ align:start position:0%
+can write down a few letters
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+can write down a few letters
+and i'm just going to flash up one array
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and i'm just going to flash up one array
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and i'm just going to flash up one array
+very quickly and i want you to
+
+ align:start position:0%
+very quickly and i want you to
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+very quickly and i want you to
+write down as many of the blue letters
+
+ align:start position:0%
+write down as many of the blue letters
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+write down as many of the blue letters
+as you can
+
+ align:start position:0%
+as you can
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+as you can
+okay ready
+
+ align:start position:0%
+ 
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+ 
+there's only a few of them so you can
+
+ align:start position:0%
+there's only a few of them so you can
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+there's only a few of them so you can
+okay ready here we go
+
+ align:start position:0%
+ 
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+ 
+okay write them down
+
+ align:start position:0%
+ 
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+ 
+last year everyone got all of them so i
+
+ align:start position:0%
+last year everyone got all of them so i
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+last year everyone got all of them so i
+tried to go a little faster this time
+
+ align:start position:0%
+tried to go a little faster this time
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+tried to go a little faster this time
+okay
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay
+um
+
+ align:start position:0%
+um
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+um
+okay we're gonna do it again ready
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay we're gonna do it again ready
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay we're gonna do it again ready
+there's gonna be another display and
+
+ align:start position:0%
+there's gonna be another display and
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+there's gonna be another display and
+you're gonna write down all the blue
+
+ align:start position:0%
+you're gonna write down all the blue
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+you're gonna write down all the blue
+letters everyone ready here we go
+
+ align:start position:0%
+ 
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+ 
+okay just want to share the intuition
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay just want to share the intuition
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay just want to share the intuition
+the probability did anyone miss the n
+
+ align:start position:0%
+the probability did anyone miss the n
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+the probability did anyone miss the n
+here okay how many people got the n
+
+ align:start position:0%
+here okay how many people got the n
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+here okay how many people got the n
+okay nobody's gonna admit it
+
+ align:start position:0%
+ 
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+ 
+i wanted a few people to miss the n
+
+ align:start position:0%
+i wanted a few people to miss the n
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+i wanted a few people to miss the n
+right i really did zip through i
+
+ align:start position:0%
+right i really did zip through i
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+right i really did zip through i
+probably cheated and went this one made
+
+ align:start position:0%
+probably cheated and went this one made
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+probably cheated and went this one made
+this one go faster you missed it okay
+
+ align:start position:0%
+this one go faster you missed it okay
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+this one go faster you missed it okay
+thank you i'm sure a few others did okay
+
+ align:start position:0%
+thank you i'm sure a few others did okay
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+thank you i'm sure a few others did okay
+anyway the point is
+
+ align:start position:0%
+anyway the point is
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+anyway the point is
+um that um if you do this properly in a
+
+ align:start position:0%
+um that um if you do this properly in a
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+um that um if you do this properly in a
+lab the probability of detecting it here
+
+ align:start position:0%
+lab the probability of detecting it here
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+lab the probability of detecting it here
+is much less than there
+
+ align:start position:0%
+is much less than there
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+is much less than there
+right
+
+ align:start position:0%
+right
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+right
+so
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so
+what does this show
+
+ align:start position:0%
+what does this show
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+what does this show
+it shows that we have limited capacity
+
+ align:start position:0%
+it shows that we have limited capacity
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+it shows that we have limited capacity
+we can't process
+
+ align:start position:0%
+we can't process
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+we can't process
+all of those blue letters in parallel
+
+ align:start position:0%
+all of those blue letters in parallel
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+all of those blue letters in parallel
+right when there's a single one you get
+
+ align:start position:0%
+right when there's a single one you get
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+right when there's a single one you get
+it just fine but when there's a bunch
+
+ align:start position:0%
+it just fine but when there's a bunch
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+it just fine but when there's a bunch
+you don't necessarily get it right
+
+ align:start position:0%
+you don't necessarily get it right
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+you don't necessarily get it right
+okay
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay
+it also shows that we have ability to
+
+ align:start position:0%
+it also shows that we have ability to
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+it also shows that we have ability to
+select the information
+
+ align:start position:0%
+select the information
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+select the information
+right so you weren't bothered by the red
+
+ align:start position:0%
+right so you weren't bothered by the red
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+right so you weren't bothered by the red
+letters if i'd asked you right after
+
+ align:start position:0%
+letters if i'd asked you right after
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+letters if i'd asked you right after
+about the red letters you probably
+
+ align:start position:0%
+about the red letters you probably
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+about the red letters you probably
+couldn't report any of them at all
+
+ align:start position:0%
+couldn't report any of them at all
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+couldn't report any of them at all
+right
+
+ align:start position:0%
+right
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+right
+there's a whole field that studies that
+
+ align:start position:0%
+there's a whole field that studies that
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+there's a whole field that studies that
+we won't get into okay
+
+ align:start position:0%
+we won't get into okay
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+we won't get into okay
+um
+
+ align:start position:0%
+um
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+um
+so in fact the probability of reporting
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so in fact the probability of reporting
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so in fact the probability of reporting
+the n in these two displays is
+
+ align:start position:0%
+the n in these two displays is
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+the n in these two displays is
+independent of the number of red letters
+
+ align:start position:0%
+independent of the number of red letters
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+independent of the number of red letters
+they just don't matter they are not
+
+ align:start position:0%
+they just don't matter they are not
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+they just don't matter they are not
+entering into that limitation whatever
+
+ align:start position:0%
+entering into that limitation whatever
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+entering into that limitation whatever
+it is the limitation is only for the
+
+ align:start position:0%
+it is the limitation is only for the
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+it is the limitation is only for the
+ones you're paying attention to the blue
+
+ align:start position:0%
+ones you're paying attention to the blue
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+ones you're paying attention to the blue
+ones
+
+ align:start position:0%
+ones
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+ones
+okay um
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay um
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay um
+okay
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay
+so
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so
+why is our mental capacity limited
+
+ align:start position:0%
+why is our mental capacity limited
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+why is our mental capacity limited
+okay
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay
+nobody really knows an answer and i
+
+ align:start position:0%
+nobody really knows an answer and i
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+nobody really knows an answer and i
+actually think this is a really
+
+ align:start position:0%
+actually think this is a really
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+actually think this is a really
+unsatisfying part of attention research
+
+ align:start position:0%
+unsatisfying part of attention research
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+unsatisfying part of attention research
+because it's just it sort of seems
+
+ align:start position:0%
+because it's just it sort of seems
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+because it's just it sort of seems
+obvious but i think it's not
+
+ align:start position:0%
+obvious but i think it's not
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+obvious but i think it's not
+so
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so
+sometime in the next 10 or 20 years some
+
+ align:start position:0%
+sometime in the next 10 or 20 years some
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+sometime in the next 10 or 20 years some
+smart computational person will analyze
+
+ align:start position:0%
+smart computational person will analyze
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+smart computational person will analyze
+this well and get a more satisfying
+
+ align:start position:0%
+this well and get a more satisfying
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+this well and get a more satisfying
+answer but right now here's where we are
+
+ align:start position:0%
+ 
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+ 
+the standard story is well
+
+ align:start position:0%
+the standard story is well
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+the standard story is well
+you know we have only so many neurons
+
+ align:start position:0%
+you know we have only so many neurons
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+you know we have only so many neurons
+and so much capacity and you can't do
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and so much capacity and you can't do
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and so much capacity and you can't do
+everything at once right
+
+ align:start position:0%
+everything at once right
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+everything at once right
+so we can't process everything in the
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so we can't process everything in the
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so we can't process everything in the
+whole visual field at once
+
+ align:start position:0%
+whole visual field at once
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+whole visual field at once
+that's the standard story
+
+ align:start position:0%
+that's the standard story
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+that's the standard story
+but the reason i find this unsatisfying
+
+ align:start position:0%
+but the reason i find this unsatisfying
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+but the reason i find this unsatisfying
+is like why the hell not right we have
+
+ align:start position:0%
+is like why the hell not right we have
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+is like why the hell not right we have
+all this all this parallel stuff for the
+
+ align:start position:0%
+all this all this parallel stuff for the
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+all this all this parallel stuff for the
+whole visual field at least in the first
+
+ align:start position:0%
+whole visual field at least in the first
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+whole visual field at least in the first
+few stages of processing and we have
+
+ align:start position:0%
+few stages of processing and we have
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+few stages of processing and we have
+quite a degree of parallelism after that
+
+ align:start position:0%
+quite a degree of parallelism after that
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+quite a degree of parallelism after that
+so i think you know that's a standard
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so i think you know that's a standard
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so i think you know that's a standard
+story but i'm just marking that i don't
+
+ align:start position:0%
+story but i'm just marking that i don't
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+story but i'm just marking that i don't
+find it very satisfying yeah
+
+ align:start position:0%
+ 
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+ 
+a second answer which i think is also
+
+ align:start position:0%
+a second answer which i think is also
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+a second answer which i think is also
+not totally satisfying but also a little
+
+ align:start position:0%
+not totally satisfying but also a little
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+not totally satisfying but also a little
+bit right at least is that typically
+
+ align:start position:0%
+bit right at least is that typically
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+bit right at least is that typically
+you're only going to do one action right
+
+ align:start position:0%
+you're only going to do one action right
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+you're only going to do one action right
+you're going around in the world let's
+
+ align:start position:0%
+you're going around in the world let's
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+you're going around in the world let's
+forget you know colored letters on a
+
+ align:start position:0%
+forget you know colored letters on a
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+forget you know colored letters on a
+display in a lab let's think about a
+
+ align:start position:0%
+display in a lab let's think about a
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+display in a lab let's think about a
+person walking around in a busy city
+
+ align:start position:0%
+person walking around in a busy city
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+person walking around in a busy city
+street doing something right there's
+
+ align:start position:0%
+street doing something right there's
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+street doing something right there's
+there's typically only one or a very
+
+ align:start position:0%
+there's typically only one or a very
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+there's typically only one or a very
+small number of things you're going to
+
+ align:start position:0%
+small number of things you're going to
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+small number of things you're going to
+do next like walk down the sidewalk and
+
+ align:start position:0%
+do next like walk down the sidewalk and
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+do next like walk down the sidewalk and
+not bump into people or pick up this
+
+ align:start position:0%
+not bump into people or pick up this
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+not bump into people or pick up this
+object right
+
+ align:start position:0%
+object right
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+object right
+you don't need to act towards all the
+
+ align:start position:0%
+you don't need to act towards all the
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+you don't need to act towards all the
+things
+
+ align:start position:0%
+things
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+things
+in your world and in fact if you if you
+
+ align:start position:0%
+in your world and in fact if you if you
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+in your world and in fact if you if you
+had to so given that you're only going
+
+ align:start position:0%
+had to so given that you're only going
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+had to so given that you're only going
+to do one thing
+
+ align:start position:0%
+to do one thing
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+to do one thing
+why distract the whole rest of your
+
+ align:start position:0%
+why distract the whole rest of your
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+why distract the whole rest of your
+motor planning system by feeding it all
+
+ align:start position:0%
+motor planning system by feeding it all
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+motor planning system by feeding it all
+this information that it's just going to
+
+ align:start position:0%
+this information that it's just going to
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+this information that it's just going to
+clutter it with garbage why not give it
+
+ align:start position:0%
+clutter it with garbage why not give it
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+clutter it with garbage why not give it
+just the information it needs okay so
+
+ align:start position:0%
+just the information it needs okay so
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+just the information it needs okay so
+that's a standard story it's very
+
+ align:start position:0%
+that's a standard story it's very
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+that's a standard story it's very
+squishy and vague but hopefully
+
+ align:start position:0%
+squishy and vague but hopefully
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+squishy and vague but hopefully
+intuitive
+
+ align:start position:0%
+intuitive
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+intuitive
+um
+
+ align:start position:0%
+um
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+um
+and there's some nice um
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and there's some nice um
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and there's some nice um
+kind of compelling examples that
+
+ align:start position:0%
+kind of compelling examples that
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+kind of compelling examples that
+illustrate this so
+
+ align:start position:0%
+illustrate this so
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+illustrate this so
+there's a fish called a pike fish that
+
+ align:start position:0%
+there's a fish called a pike fish that
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+there's a fish called a pike fish that
+preys on smaller fish called
+
+ align:start position:0%
+preys on smaller fish called
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+preys on smaller fish called
+sticklebacks okay
+
+ align:start position:0%
+sticklebacks okay
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+sticklebacks okay
+and if you stick a pike fish in a tank
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and if you stick a pike fish in a tank
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and if you stick a pike fish in a tank
+with sticklebacks
+
+ align:start position:0%
+with sticklebacks
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+with sticklebacks
+it will catch the first stickleback
+
+ align:start position:0%
+it will catch the first stickleback
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+it will catch the first stickleback
+faster
+
+ align:start position:0%
+faster
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+faster
+if there's only one in the tank with it
+
+ align:start position:0%
+if there's only one in the tank with it
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+if there's only one in the tank with it
+than if there are 10 in the tank with it
+
+ align:start position:0%
+than if there are 10 in the tank with it
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+than if there are 10 in the tank with it
+okay you might think you've got 10 to
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay you might think you've got 10 to
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay you might think you've got 10 to
+choose from
+
+ align:start position:0%
+choose from
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+choose from
+you'll get a fish faster
+
+ align:start position:0%
+you'll get a fish faster
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+you'll get a fish faster
+but 10 is more distracting right
+
+ align:start position:0%
+but 10 is more distracting right
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+but 10 is more distracting right
+and so maybe our action planning systems
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and so maybe our action planning systems
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and so maybe our action planning systems
+also prefer the single stickleback
+
+ align:start position:0%
+also prefer the single stickleback
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+also prefer the single stickleback
+there's no computational precision i'm
+
+ align:start position:0%
+there's no computational precision i'm
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+there's no computational precision i'm
+just sharing intuitions with you
+
+ align:start position:0%
+just sharing intuitions with you
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+just sharing intuitions with you
+okay
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay
+so let me give you some more evidence
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so let me give you some more evidence
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so let me give you some more evidence
+that there really are
+
+ align:start position:0%
+that there really are
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+that there really are
+uh significant capacity limits in
+
+ align:start position:0%
+uh significant capacity limits in
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+uh significant capacity limits in
+perception
+
+ align:start position:0%
+perception
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+perception
+um and that in fact there's a lot of
+
+ align:start position:0%
+um and that in fact there's a lot of
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+um and that in fact there's a lot of
+stuff right in front of us that comes
+
+ align:start position:0%
+stuff right in front of us that comes
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+stuff right in front of us that comes
+right onto our retina that we don't see
+
+ align:start position:0%
+right onto our retina that we don't see
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+right onto our retina that we don't see
+okay
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay
+so i'm going to show you uh an example
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so i'm going to show you uh an example
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so i'm going to show you uh an example
+i'm going to show you a picture for just
+
+ align:start position:0%
+i'm going to show you a picture for just
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+i'm going to show you a picture for just
+a few seconds and i want you to just
+
+ align:start position:0%
+a few seconds and i want you to just
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+a few seconds and i want you to just
+look at it and then i'm going to ask you
+
+ align:start position:0%
+look at it and then i'm going to ask you
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+look at it and then i'm going to ask you
+some questions about it okay here we go
+
+ align:start position:0%
+ 
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+ 
+okay
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay
+so
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so
+how rich a percept did you get did you
+
+ align:start position:0%
+how rich a percept did you get did you
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+how rich a percept did you get did you
+see lots of stuff and get lots of detail
+
+ align:start position:0%
+see lots of stuff and get lots of detail
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+see lots of stuff and get lots of detail
+or do you just feel like you just have
+
+ align:start position:0%
+or do you just feel like you just have
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+or do you just feel like you just have
+the vegas sense of a few buildings a
+
+ align:start position:0%
+the vegas sense of a few buildings a
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+the vegas sense of a few buildings a
+street that's it how many feel like they
+
+ align:start position:0%
+street that's it how many feel like they
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+street that's it how many feel like they
+got a lot of
+
+ align:start position:0%
+got a lot of
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+got a lot of
+pretty good detail
+
+ align:start position:0%
+ 
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+ 
+no one does or everyone's bored in a
+
+ align:start position:0%
+no one does or everyone's bored in a
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+no one does or everyone's bored in a
+wedge
+
+ align:start position:0%
+ 
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+ 
+the colors of buildings the presence of
+
+ align:start position:0%
+the colors of buildings the presence of
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+the colors of buildings the presence of
+objects uh details on the architectural
+
+ align:start position:0%
+objects uh details on the architectural
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+objects uh details on the architectural
+styles where an awning was that kind of
+
+ align:start position:0%
+styles where an awning was that kind of
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+styles where an awning was that kind of
+thing
+
+ align:start position:0%
+ 
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+ 
+most people looking at this feel like i
+
+ align:start position:0%
+most people looking at this feel like i
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+most people looking at this feel like i
+mean who knows what it means i mean
+
+ align:start position:0%
+mean who knows what it means i mean
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+mean who knows what it means i mean
+we're just we're just sharing intuitions
+
+ align:start position:0%
+we're just we're just sharing intuitions
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+we're just we're just sharing intuitions
+here but most feel like that was pretty
+
+ align:start position:0%
+here but most feel like that was pretty
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+here but most feel like that was pretty
+rich i have a sense of it i have a sense
+
+ align:start position:0%
+rich i have a sense of it i have a sense
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+rich i have a sense of it i have a sense
+of maybe what country that's in and what
+
+ align:start position:0%
+of maybe what country that's in and what
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+of maybe what country that's in and what
+kind of stuff is there and what kind of
+
+ align:start position:0%
+kind of stuff is there and what kind of
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+kind of stuff is there and what kind of
+the style is you get a feel for the
+
+ align:start position:0%
+the style is you get a feel for the
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+the style is you get a feel for the
+place all that kind of thing maybe not
+
+ align:start position:0%
+place all that kind of thing maybe not
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+place all that kind of thing maybe not
+every damn detail but lots right so the
+
+ align:start position:0%
+every damn detail but lots right so the
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+every damn detail but lots right so the
+general intuition most people have is a
+
+ align:start position:0%
+general intuition most people have is a
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+general intuition most people have is a
+fair amount of detail
+
+ align:start position:0%
+fair amount of detail
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+fair amount of detail
+okay
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay
+well let's look at that some more this
+
+ align:start position:0%
+well let's look at that some more this
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+well let's look at that some more this
+is actually a very very heated topic
+
+ align:start position:0%
+is actually a very very heated topic
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+is actually a very very heated topic
+right now
+
+ align:start position:0%
+right now
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+right now
+um
+
+ align:start position:0%
+um
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+um
+me and michael cohen published a paper a
+
+ align:start position:0%
+me and michael cohen published a paper a
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+me and michael cohen published a paper a
+couple years ago called the bandwidth of
+
+ align:start position:0%
+couple years ago called the bandwidth of
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+couple years ago called the bandwidth of
+perception which is an effort to grapple
+
+ align:start position:0%
+perception which is an effort to grapple
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+perception which is an effort to grapple
+with this question of how much
+
+ align:start position:0%
+with this question of how much
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+with this question of how much
+information is there in your current
+
+ align:start position:0%
+information is there in your current
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+information is there in your current
+percept right now and there are many
+
+ align:start position:0%
+percept right now and there are many
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+percept right now and there are many
+different perspectives on this
+
+ align:start position:0%
+different perspectives on this
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+different perspectives on this
+let's find out a little more with a
+
+ align:start position:0%
+let's find out a little more with a
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+let's find out a little more with a
+further demo
+
+ align:start position:0%
+further demo
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+further demo
+so what i'm going to do
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so what i'm going to do
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so what i'm going to do
+is i'm going to show you
+
+ align:start position:0%
+is i'm going to show you
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+is i'm going to show you
+that picture again and it's going to
+
+ align:start position:0%
+that picture again and it's going to
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+that picture again and it's going to
+flash on a number of times
+
+ align:start position:0%
+flash on a number of times
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+flash on a number of times
+and each time it flashes on there might
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and each time it flashes on there might
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and each time it flashes on there might
+be something that's different
+
+ align:start position:0%
+be something that's different
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+be something that's different
+so take notes on any differences you
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so take notes on any differences you
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so take notes on any differences you
+might detect
+
+ align:start position:0%
+might detect
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+might detect
+okay
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay
+okay
+
+ align:start position:0%
+ 
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+ 
+okay what things changed
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay what things changed
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay what things changed
+yeah a woman walking down the sidewalk
+
+ align:start position:0%
+yeah a woman walking down the sidewalk
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+yeah a woman walking down the sidewalk
+and
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and
+that's all i got
+
+ align:start position:0%
+that's all i got
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+that's all i got
+okay but she changed what changed about
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay but she changed what changed about
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay but she changed what changed about
+her
+
+ align:start position:0%
+her
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+her
+other than like her pose
+
+ align:start position:0%
+other than like her pose
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+other than like her pose
+yeah
+
+ align:start position:0%
+yeah
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+yeah
+over the successive presentations was
+
+ align:start position:0%
+over the successive presentations was
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+over the successive presentations was
+she there sometimes and not others did
+
+ align:start position:0%
+she there sometimes and not others did
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+she there sometimes and not others did
+she change yeah she appeared or
+
+ align:start position:0%
+she change yeah she appeared or
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+she change yeah she appeared or
+disappeared okay good what else isabel
+
+ align:start position:0%
+ 
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+ 
+very good very good how many people saw
+
+ align:start position:0%
+very good very good how many people saw
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+very good very good how many people saw
+an awning change
+
+ align:start position:0%
+an awning change
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+an awning change
+maybe half of you okay
+
+ align:start position:0%
+maybe half of you okay
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+maybe half of you okay
+what else changed
+
+ align:start position:0%
+ 
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+ 
+the model of the car very good yeah
+
+ align:start position:0%
+the model of the car very good yeah
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+the model of the car very good yeah
+i feel like the shops changed but i
+
+ align:start position:0%
+i feel like the shops changed but i
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+i feel like the shops changed but i
+don't know whether or not
+
+ align:start position:0%
+don't know whether or not
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+don't know whether or not
+okay
+
+ align:start position:0%
+ 
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+ 
+okay you want to see how they changed
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay you want to see how they changed
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay you want to see how they changed
+okay here's how it ended
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay here's how it ended
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay here's how it ended
+here's how it started
+
+ align:start position:0%
+here's how it started
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+here's how it started
+are you surprised how much
+
+ align:start position:0%
+are you surprised how much
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+are you surprised how much
+raise your hand if you're surprised how
+
+ align:start position:0%
+raise your hand if you're surprised how
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+raise your hand if you're surprised how
+much changed yeah a lot
+
+ align:start position:0%
+much changed yeah a lot
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+much changed yeah a lot
+right
+
+ align:start position:0%
+right
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+right
+okay so what does that tell us
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay so what does that tell us
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay so what does that tell us
+it tells us that either
+
+ align:start position:0%
+it tells us that either
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+it tells us that either
+the sense we have that we really saw a
+
+ align:start position:0%
+the sense we have that we really saw a
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+the sense we have that we really saw a
+lot of what's going on there
+
+ align:start position:0%
+lot of what's going on there
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+lot of what's going on there
+was wrong we didn't see as much as we
+
+ align:start position:0%
+was wrong we didn't see as much as we
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+was wrong we didn't see as much as we
+thought because if we saw as much as we
+
+ align:start position:0%
+thought because if we saw as much as we
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+thought because if we saw as much as we
+thought
+
+ align:start position:0%
+thought
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+thought
+we should notice
+
+ align:start position:0%
+we should notice
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+we should notice
+massive changes like that if you didn't
+
+ align:start position:0%
+massive changes like that if you didn't
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+massive changes like that if you didn't
+see the awning look over there i mean
+
+ align:start position:0%
+see the awning look over there i mean
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+see the awning look over there i mean
+how could look at the color changes
+
+ align:start position:0%
+how could look at the color changes
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+how could look at the color changes
+pretty major right
+
+ align:start position:0%
+pretty major right
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+pretty major right
+or we perceive all that stuff in the
+
+ align:start position:0%
+or we perceive all that stuff in the
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+or we perceive all that stuff in the
+instant and it just goes poof by the
+
+ align:start position:0%
+instant and it just goes poof by the
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+instant and it just goes poof by the
+time the next one comes along
+
+ align:start position:0%
+time the next one comes along
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+time the next one comes along
+that's one of the things the field is
+
+ align:start position:0%
+that's one of the things the field is
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+that's one of the things the field is
+fighting about those things are very
+
+ align:start position:0%
+fighting about those things are very
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+fighting about those things are very
+hard to tell apart not impossible but
+
+ align:start position:0%
+hard to tell apart not impossible but
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+hard to tell apart not impossible but
+hard
+
+ align:start position:0%
+hard
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+hard
+yeah
+
+ align:start position:0%
+yeah
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+yeah
+um
+
+ align:start position:0%
+um
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+um
+okay so most people feel like wow much
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay so most people feel like wow much
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay so most people feel like wow much
+more changed than i thought i can't
+
+ align:start position:0%
+more changed than i thought i can't
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+more changed than i thought i can't
+resist one more hilarious demo
+
+ align:start position:0%
+resist one more hilarious demo
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+resist one more hilarious demo
+um
+
+ align:start position:0%
+um
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+um
+so
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so
+did you have you already seen this like
+
+ align:start position:0%
+did you have you already seen this like
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+did you have you already seen this like
+in 900 how many people have seen this
+
+ align:start position:0%
+in 900 how many people have seen this
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+in 900 how many people have seen this
+before
+
+ align:start position:0%
+before
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+before
+oh i don't want to bore you do you mind
+
+ align:start position:0%
+oh i don't want to bore you do you mind
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+oh i don't want to bore you do you mind
+seeing it again we could skip it it's
+
+ align:start position:0%
+seeing it again we could skip it it's
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+seeing it again we could skip it it's
+kind of fun
+
+ align:start position:0%
+kind of fun
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+kind of fun
+sorry do it okay okay
+
+ align:start position:0%
+sorry do it okay okay
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+sorry do it okay okay
+um okay so you're just going to watch
+
+ align:start position:0%
+um okay so you're just going to watch
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+um okay so you're just going to watch
+this video and just track things because
+
+ align:start position:0%
+this video and just track things because
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+this video and just track things because
+there may be changes happening here and
+
+ align:start position:0%
+there may be changes happening here and
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+there may be changes happening here and
+there and you want to notice them okay
+
+ align:start position:0%
+there and you want to notice them okay
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+there and you want to notice them okay
+here we go
+
+ align:start position:0%
+here we go
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+here we go
+[Music]
+
+ align:start position:0%
+ 
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+ 
+clearly somebody in this room murdered
+
+ align:start position:0%
+clearly somebody in this room murdered
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+clearly somebody in this room murdered
+lord smythe who at precisely 3 34 this
+
+ align:start position:0%
+lord smythe who at precisely 3 34 this
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+lord smythe who at precisely 3 34 this
+afternoon was brutally bludgeoned to
+
+ align:start position:0%
+afternoon was brutally bludgeoned to
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+afternoon was brutally bludgeoned to
+death with a blunt instrument i want
+
+ align:start position:0%
+death with a blunt instrument i want
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+death with a blunt instrument i want
+each of you to tell me your whereabouts
+
+ align:start position:0%
+each of you to tell me your whereabouts
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+each of you to tell me your whereabouts
+and precisely the time that this
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and precisely the time that this
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and precisely the time that this
+dastardly deed took place
+
+ align:start position:0%
+dastardly deed took place
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+dastardly deed took place
+i was polishing the brass in the master
+
+ align:start position:0%
+i was polishing the brass in the master
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+i was polishing the brass in the master
+bedroom
+
+ align:start position:0%
+bedroom
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+bedroom
+i was buttering his launching scones
+
+ align:start position:0%
+i was buttering his launching scones
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+i was buttering his launching scones
+below stairs son
+
+ align:start position:0%
+below stairs son
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+below stairs son
+i i was planting my petunias in the
+
+ align:start position:0%
+i i was planting my petunias in the
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+i i was planting my petunias in the
+potting shed constable
+
+ align:start position:0%
+potting shed constable
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+potting shed constable
+arrest
+
+ align:start position:0%
+arrest
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+arrest
+lady smythe
+
+ align:start position:0%
+lady smythe
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+lady smythe
+but how did you know madam as any
+
+ align:start position:0%
+but how did you know madam as any
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+but how did you know madam as any
+horticulturist will tell you one does
+
+ align:start position:0%
+horticulturist will tell you one does
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+horticulturist will tell you one does
+not plant petunias until may is out to
+
+ align:start position:0%
+not plant petunias until may is out to
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+not plant petunias until may is out to
+take her away
+
+ align:start position:0%
+take her away
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+take her away
+it's just a matter of observation
+
+ align:start position:0%
+it's just a matter of observation
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+it's just a matter of observation
+the real question is
+
+ align:start position:0%
+ 
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+ 
+clearly somebody in this room murdered
+
+ align:start position:0%
+clearly somebody in this room murdered
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+clearly somebody in this room murdered
+lord smye who
+
+ align:start position:0%
+lord smye who
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+lord smye who
+precisely 3 34 this afternoon
+
+ align:start position:0%
+precisely 3 34 this afternoon
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+precisely 3 34 this afternoon
+was brutally bludgeoned to death with a
+
+ align:start position:0%
+was brutally bludgeoned to death with a
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+was brutally bludgeoned to death with a
+blunt instrument i want each of you to
+
+ align:start position:0%
+blunt instrument i want each of you to
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+blunt instrument i want each of you to
+tell me
+
+ align:start position:0%
+tell me
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+tell me
+at precisely the time that this dusted
+
+ align:start position:0%
+at precisely the time that this dusted
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+at precisely the time that this dusted
+indeed took place totally different guys
+
+ align:start position:0%
+ 
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+ 
+a rest
+
+ align:start position:0%
+a rest
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+a rest
+lady smith
+
+ align:start position:0%
+ 
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+ 
+it's actually an ad but it doesn't hurt
+
+ align:start position:0%
+it's actually an ad but it doesn't hurt
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+it's actually an ad but it doesn't hurt
+to get its message
+
+ align:start position:0%
+ 
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+ 
+all right it's a it's a british ad
+
+ align:start position:0%
+ 
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+ 
+with an important message but it's a
+
+ align:start position:0%
+with an important message but it's a
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+with an important message but it's a
+pretty impressive demo too wasn't it how
+
+ align:start position:0%
+pretty impressive demo too wasn't it how
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+pretty impressive demo too wasn't it how
+many people feel like lots of stuff
+
+ align:start position:0%
+many people feel like lots of stuff
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+many people feel like lots of stuff
+changed that they didn't notice
+
+ align:start position:0%
+changed that they didn't notice
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+changed that they didn't notice
+yeah that's intuition
+
+ align:start position:0%
+yeah that's intuition
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+yeah that's intuition
+so the idea here is that all that stuff
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so the idea here is that all that stuff
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so the idea here is that all that stuff
+hits your retina
+
+ align:start position:0%
+hits your retina
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+hits your retina
+all of it kind of gets processed to some
+
+ align:start position:0%
+all of it kind of gets processed to some
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+all of it kind of gets processed to some
+degree
+
+ align:start position:0%
+degree
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+degree
+but it's amazing how much of it goes
+
+ align:start position:0%
+but it's amazing how much of it goes
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+but it's amazing how much of it goes
+unnoticed okay
+
+ align:start position:0%
+unnoticed okay
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+unnoticed okay
+all right oops sorry
+
+ align:start position:0%
+all right oops sorry
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+all right oops sorry
+okay
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay
+you might think okay is this something
+
+ align:start position:0%
+you might think okay is this something
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+you might think okay is this something
+that only happens when it doesn't really
+
+ align:start position:0%
+that only happens when it doesn't really
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+that only happens when it doesn't really
+matter okay you were looking for changes
+
+ align:start position:0%
+matter okay you were looking for changes
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+matter okay you were looking for changes
+but your life didn't depend on it what
+
+ align:start position:0%
+but your life didn't depend on it what
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+but your life didn't depend on it what
+about commercial pilots so here's a
+
+ align:start position:0%
+about commercial pilots so here's a
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+about commercial pilots so here's a
+classic study where they brought in
+
+ align:start position:0%
+classic study where they brought in
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+classic study where they brought in
+actual real commercial pilots with
+
+ align:start position:0%
+actual real commercial pilots with
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+actual real commercial pilots with
+thousands of hours of flying experience
+
+ align:start position:0%
+thousands of hours of flying experience
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+thousands of hours of flying experience
+and they had them fly in a flight
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and they had them fly in a flight
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and they had them fly in a flight
+simulator they had them land a plane
+
+ align:start position:0%
+simulator they had them land a plane
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+simulator they had them land a plane
+on a um on a runway in the flight
+
+ align:start position:0%
+on a um on a runway in the flight
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+on a um on a runway in the flight
+simulator under foggy conditions
+
+ align:start position:0%
+simulator under foggy conditions
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+simulator under foggy conditions
+and i forget what percent i have to
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and i forget what percent i have to
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and i forget what percent i have to
+cheat and look at my notes
+
+ align:start position:0%
+cheat and look at my notes
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+cheat and look at my notes
+doesn't say some it does i just not
+
+ align:start position:0%
+doesn't say some it does i just not
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+doesn't say some it does i just not
+seeing it some large percent of the
+
+ align:start position:0%
+seeing it some large percent of the
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+seeing it some large percent of the
+pilots
+
+ align:start position:0%
+pilots
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+pilots
+never saw this plane sitting right there
+
+ align:start position:0%
+never saw this plane sitting right there
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+never saw this plane sitting right there
+on the runway they landed the planes in
+
+ align:start position:0%
+on the runway they landed the planes in
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+on the runway they landed the planes in
+the simulator right through that plane
+
+ align:start position:0%
+the simulator right through that plane
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+the simulator right through that plane
+and when they were shown it subsequently
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and when they were shown it subsequently
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and when they were shown it subsequently
+they were shocked and couldn't believe
+
+ align:start position:0%
+they were shocked and couldn't believe
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+they were shocked and couldn't believe
+they didn't see it
+
+ align:start position:0%
+they didn't see it
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+they didn't see it
+right they were using a heads-up display
+
+ align:start position:0%
+right they were using a heads-up display
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+right they were using a heads-up display
+that tells them their orientation where
+
+ align:start position:0%
+that tells them their orientation where
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+that tells them their orientation where
+the runway is and they're paying
+
+ align:start position:0%
+the runway is and they're paying
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+the runway is and they're paying
+attention to this stuff landing on the
+
+ align:start position:0%
+attention to this stuff landing on the
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+attention to this stuff landing on the
+runway and they just do not even see
+
+ align:start position:0%
+runway and they just do not even see
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+runway and they just do not even see
+that very relevant thing okay so it's
+
+ align:start position:0%
+that very relevant thing okay so it's
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+that very relevant thing okay so it's
+not just something that happens in like
+
+ align:start position:0%
+not just something that happens in like
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+not just something that happens in like
+weird psych demos
+
+ align:start position:0%
+weird psych demos
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+weird psych demos
+and funny movies uh even even for very
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and funny movies uh even even for very
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and funny movies uh even even for very
+important things people miss absolutely
+
+ align:start position:0%
+important things people miss absolutely
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+important things people miss absolutely
+major
+
+ align:start position:0%
+major
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+major
+important information
+
+ align:start position:0%
+important information
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+important information
+okay
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay
+so what all this tells us is attention
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so what all this tells us is attention
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so what all this tells us is attention
+is a filter that lets some information
+
+ align:start position:0%
+is a filter that lets some information
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+is a filter that lets some information
+uh into our awareness but completely
+
+ align:start position:0%
+uh into our awareness but completely
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+uh into our awareness but completely
+filters out of awareness a lot of other
+
+ align:start position:0%
+filters out of awareness a lot of other
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+filters out of awareness a lot of other
+information that lands on your retina or
+
+ align:start position:0%
+information that lands on your retina or
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+information that lands on your retina or
+your cochlea
+
+ align:start position:0%
+your cochlea
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+your cochlea
+okay
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay
+um
+
+ align:start position:0%
+um
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+um
+and there's two key properties of
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and there's two key properties of
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and there's two key properties of
+attention that go hand in hand
+
+ align:start position:0%
+attention that go hand in hand
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+attention that go hand in hand
+one those capacity limits we've been
+
+ align:start position:0%
+one those capacity limits we've been
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+one those capacity limits we've been
+talking about you can't do everything at
+
+ align:start position:0%
+talking about you can't do everything at
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+talking about you can't do everything at
+once
+
+ align:start position:0%
+once
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+once
+and two selectivity that is there's some
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and two selectivity that is there's some
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and two selectivity that is there's some
+way some subset of that information that
+
+ align:start position:0%
+way some subset of that information that
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+way some subset of that information that
+comes in and some way to select it
+
+ align:start position:0%
+comes in and some way to select it
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+comes in and some way to select it
+okay
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay
+all right so let's say a little bit more
+
+ align:start position:0%
+all right so let's say a little bit more
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+all right so let's say a little bit more
+about attention
+
+ align:start position:0%
+about attention
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+about attention
+um there's lots of different ways and
+
+ align:start position:0%
+um there's lots of different ways and
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+um there's lots of different ways and
+forms of attention so let me give you a
+
+ align:start position:0%
+forms of attention so let me give you a
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+forms of attention so let me give you a
+few
+
+ align:start position:0%
+few
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+few
+key distinctions about attention it's so
+
+ align:start position:0%
+key distinctions about attention it's so
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+key distinctions about attention it's so
+far it's just kind of a vague word that
+
+ align:start position:0%
+far it's just kind of a vague word that
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+far it's just kind of a vague word that
+gets used lots of different ways
+
+ align:start position:0%
+gets used lots of different ways
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+gets used lots of different ways
+um so
+
+ align:start position:0%
+um so
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+um so
+long ago the great helmholtz thought
+
+ align:start position:0%
+long ago the great helmholtz thought
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+long ago the great helmholtz thought
+about attention uh and realized that
+
+ align:start position:0%
+about attention uh and realized that
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+about attention uh and realized that
+there were two different kinds of
+
+ align:start position:0%
+there were two different kinds of
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+there were two different kinds of
+attention
+
+ align:start position:0%
+attention
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+attention
+so he noted way back in 1860
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so he noted way back in 1860
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so he noted way back in 1860
+our attention is quite independent of
+
+ align:start position:0%
+our attention is quite independent of
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+our attention is quite independent of
+the position and accommodation of the
+
+ align:start position:0%
+the position and accommodation of the
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+the position and accommodation of the
+eyes
+
+ align:start position:0%
+eyes
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+eyes
+and of any known alteration in these
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and of any known alteration in these
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and of any known alteration in these
+organs and free to direct itself by a
+
+ align:start position:0%
+organs and free to direct itself by a
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+organs and free to direct itself by a
+conscious and voluntary effort
+
+ align:start position:0%
+conscious and voluntary effort
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+conscious and voluntary effort
+upon any selected portion of a dark and
+
+ align:start position:0%
+upon any selected portion of a dark and
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+upon any selected portion of a dark and
+undifferentiated field of view
+
+ align:start position:0%
+undifferentiated field of view
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+undifferentiated field of view
+this is one of the most important
+
+ align:start position:0%
+this is one of the most important
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+this is one of the most important
+observations for a future theory of
+
+ align:start position:0%
+observations for a future theory of
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+observations for a future theory of
+attention
+
+ align:start position:0%
+attention
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+attention
+indeed it is
+
+ align:start position:0%
+indeed it is
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+indeed it is
+right so his point i think we did this
+
+ align:start position:0%
+right so his point i think we did this
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+right so his point i think we did this
+at some earlier lecture his point is you
+
+ align:start position:0%
+at some earlier lecture his point is you
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+at some earlier lecture his point is you
+can fixate on my nose right now okay
+
+ align:start position:0%
+can fixate on my nose right now okay
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+can fixate on my nose right now okay
+everybody fixate on my nose
+
+ align:start position:0%
+everybody fixate on my nose
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+everybody fixate on my nose
+not that it's that fabulous a nose it's
+
+ align:start position:0%
+not that it's that fabulous a nose it's
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+not that it's that fabulous a nose it's
+just served for the demo right now
+
+ align:start position:0%
+just served for the demo right now
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+just served for the demo right now
+and if i hold up different numbers of
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and if i hold up different numbers of
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and if i hold up different numbers of
+fingers out here keep fixating on my
+
+ align:start position:0%
+fingers out here keep fixating on my
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+fingers out here keep fixating on my
+nose no cheating
+
+ align:start position:0%
+nose no cheating
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+nose no cheating
+okay
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay
+how many fingers are off to your left
+
+ align:start position:0%
+how many fingers are off to your left
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+how many fingers are off to your left
+the left side of my nose from your
+
+ align:start position:0%
+the left side of my nose from your
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+the left side of my nose from your
+perspective
+
+ align:start position:0%
+perspective
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+perspective
+okay how many fingers are off to the
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay how many fingers are off to the
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay how many fingers are off to the
+right side okay you can do that you can
+
+ align:start position:0%
+right side okay you can do that you can
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+right side okay you can do that you can
+pull up this information or pull up that
+
+ align:start position:0%
+pull up this information or pull up that
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+pull up this information or pull up that
+information without moving your eyes
+
+ align:start position:0%
+information without moving your eyes
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+information without moving your eyes
+okay that's called covert attention
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay that's called covert attention
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay that's called covert attention
+because the input is identical
+
+ align:start position:0%
+because the input is identical
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+because the input is identical
+and you are just somehow adjusting the
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and you are just somehow adjusting the
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and you are just somehow adjusting the
+dials on your perceptual system to pull
+
+ align:start position:0%
+dials on your perceptual system to pull
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+dials on your perceptual system to pull
+up this or pull up that
+
+ align:start position:0%
+up this or pull up that
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+up this or pull up that
+okay so that's called covert attention
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay so that's called covert attention
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay so that's called covert attention
+um to be unconfounded from overt
+
+ align:start position:0%
+um to be unconfounded from overt
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+um to be unconfounded from overt
+attention which is actually the most
+
+ align:start position:0%
+attention which is actually the most
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+attention which is actually the most
+powerful kind of attention over
+
+ align:start position:0%
+powerful kind of attention over
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+powerful kind of attention over
+detention you move your eyes from point
+
+ align:start position:0%
+detention you move your eyes from point
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+detention you move your eyes from point
+to point to select different information
+
+ align:start position:0%
+to point to select different information
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+to point to select different information
+okay so over attention is a much more
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay so over attention is a much more
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay so over attention is a much more
+powerful filter
+
+ align:start position:0%
+powerful filter
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+powerful filter
+and we make about two to four eye
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and we make about two to four eye
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and we make about two to four eye
+movements a second
+
+ align:start position:0%
+movements a second
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+movements a second
+and it's very powerful because the
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and it's very powerful because the
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and it's very powerful because the
+center of gaze has very high resolution
+
+ align:start position:0%
+center of gaze has very high resolution
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+center of gaze has very high resolution
+information remember high density of
+
+ align:start position:0%
+information remember high density of
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+information remember high density of
+photoreceptors at the fovea in the
+
+ align:start position:0%
+photoreceptors at the fovea in the
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+photoreceptors at the fovea in the
+center of gaze and the density tails off
+
+ align:start position:0%
+center of gaze and the density tails off
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+center of gaze and the density tails off
+in the periphery so we have much better
+
+ align:start position:0%
+in the periphery so we have much better
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+in the periphery so we have much better
+information in the fovea than in the
+
+ align:start position:0%
+information in the fovea than in the
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+information in the fovea than in the
+periphery
+
+ align:start position:0%
+periphery
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+periphery
+okay so it's both photoreceptor density
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay so it's both photoreceptor density
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay so it's both photoreceptor density
+and it's also cortical area
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and it's also cortical area
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and it's also cortical area
+so in retinotopic cortex back here
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so in retinotopic cortex back here
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so in retinotopic cortex back here
+primary visual cortex v1 v2 those
+
+ align:start position:0%
+primary visual cortex v1 v2 those
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+primary visual cortex v1 v2 those
+regions
+
+ align:start position:0%
+regions
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+regions
+you have
+
+ align:start position:0%
+you have
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+you have
+about 20 square centimeters of cortex
+
+ align:start position:0%
+about 20 square centimeters of cortex
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+about 20 square centimeters of cortex
+like that area of cortex pretty big
+
+ align:start position:0%
+like that area of cortex pretty big
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+like that area of cortex pretty big
+something like that
+
+ align:start position:0%
+something like that
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+something like that
+processing the central two degrees of
+
+ align:start position:0%
+processing the central two degrees of
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+processing the central two degrees of
+vision
+
+ align:start position:0%
+vision
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+vision
+okay a huge cortical area devoted to a
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay a huge cortical area devoted to a
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay a huge cortical area devoted to a
+tiny little part of the visual world
+
+ align:start position:0%
+tiny little part of the visual world
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+tiny little part of the visual world
+and uh much less per degree for the
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and uh much less per degree for the
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and uh much less per degree for the
+periphery okay so both at the
+
+ align:start position:0%
+periphery okay so both at the
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+periphery okay so both at the
+photoreceptor stage and at higher level
+
+ align:start position:0%
+photoreceptor stage and at higher level
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+photoreceptor stage and at higher level
+processing stages we vastly over
+
+ align:start position:0%
+processing stages we vastly over
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+processing stages we vastly over
+represent the center of gaze okay
+
+ align:start position:0%
+represent the center of gaze okay
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+represent the center of gaze okay
+that's why if you have loss of foveal
+
+ align:start position:0%
+that's why if you have loss of foveal
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+that's why if you have loss of foveal
+vision and macular degeneration it's
+
+ align:start position:0%
+vision and macular degeneration it's
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+vision and macular degeneration it's
+really awful you can't read or recognize
+
+ align:start position:0%
+really awful you can't read or recognize
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+really awful you can't read or recognize
+faces that's where you need this
+
+ align:start position:0%
+faces that's where you need this
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+faces that's where you need this
+fine-grained foveal information
+
+ align:start position:0%
+fine-grained foveal information
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+fine-grained foveal information
+okay so that means that making moving
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay so that means that making moving
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay so that means that making moving
+your fovea and parking it on different
+
+ align:start position:0%
+your fovea and parking it on different
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+your fovea and parking it on different
+parts of the array is an extremely
+
+ align:start position:0%
+parts of the array is an extremely
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+parts of the array is an extremely
+powerful way to select different kinds
+
+ align:start position:0%
+powerful way to select different kinds
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+powerful way to select different kinds
+of information
+
+ align:start position:0%
+of information
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+of information
+so to give you a feel for how much
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so to give you a feel for how much
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so to give you a feel for how much
+people do this and how they select
+
+ align:start position:0%
+people do this and how they select
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+people do this and how they select
+information
+
+ align:start position:0%
+information
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+information
+here's a um
+
+ align:start position:0%
+here's a um
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+here's a um
+video this is taken from a head mounted
+
+ align:start position:0%
+video this is taken from a head mounted
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+video this is taken from a head mounted
+camera of a person who is watching these
+
+ align:start position:0%
+camera of a person who is watching these
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+camera of a person who is watching these
+two people and the yellow yellow dot is
+
+ align:start position:0%
+two people and the yellow yellow dot is
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+two people and the yellow yellow dot is
+where their fovea is so they're talking
+
+ align:start position:0%
+where their fovea is so they're talking
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+where their fovea is so they're talking
+to my former postdoc matt and they're
+
+ align:start position:0%
+to my former postdoc matt and they're
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+to my former postdoc matt and they're
+fixating on his face as he talks
+
+ align:start position:0%
+fixating on his face as he talks
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+fixating on his face as he talks
+and
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and
+sometimes they take a peek at the other
+
+ align:start position:0%
+sometimes they take a peek at the other
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+sometimes they take a peek at the other
+person you can see there's very fine
+
+ align:start position:0%
+person you can see there's very fine
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+person you can see there's very fine
+grained adjustments
+
+ align:start position:0%
+grained adjustments
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+grained adjustments
+of where they look as this goes on and
+
+ align:start position:0%
+of where they look as this goes on and
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+of where they look as this goes on and
+now there's walking down the hall in
+
+ align:start position:0%
+now there's walking down the hall in
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+now there's walking down the hall in
+this building and they're following
+
+ align:start position:0%
+this building and they're following
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+this building and they're following
+her watch what happens when they turn
+
+ align:start position:0%
+her watch what happens when they turn
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+her watch what happens when they turn
+the corner check out the signs read the
+
+ align:start position:0%
+the corner check out the signs read the
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+the corner check out the signs read the
+little notices
+
+ align:start position:0%
+little notices
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+little notices
+look down the hall now watch what
+
+ align:start position:0%
+look down the hall now watch what
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+look down the hall now watch what
+happens when they go around the corner
+
+ align:start position:0%
+happens when they go around the corner
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+happens when they go around the corner
+oh new person look at the new person
+
+ align:start position:0%
+oh new person look at the new person
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+oh new person look at the new person
+right
+
+ align:start position:0%
+ 
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+ 
+sorry it's too dark to see what's going
+
+ align:start position:0%
+sorry it's too dark to see what's going
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+sorry it's too dark to see what's going
+on here oh this is a little fixation
+
+ align:start position:0%
+on here oh this is a little fixation
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+on here oh this is a little fixation
+patch where they're recalibrating the
+
+ align:start position:0%
+patch where they're recalibrating the
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+patch where they're recalibrating the
+eye tracker um to figure out to make
+
+ align:start position:0%
+eye tracker um to figure out to make
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+eye tracker um to figure out to make
+sure it's working here comes a new
+
+ align:start position:0%
+sure it's working here comes a new
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+sure it's working here comes a new
+person they look at his face it's a cod
+
+ align:start position:0%
+person they look at his face it's a cod
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+person they look at his face it's a cod
+back and forth between the two faces
+
+ align:start position:0%
+back and forth between the two faces
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+back and forth between the two faces
+right whoever's talking you look at them
+
+ align:start position:0%
+right whoever's talking you look at them
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+right whoever's talking you look at them
+and you collect high resolution
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and you collect high resolution
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and you collect high resolution
+information from that person's face with
+
+ align:start position:0%
+information from that person's face with
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+information from that person's face with
+both head turns you can see they're both
+
+ align:start position:0%
+both head turns you can see they're both
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+both head turns you can see they're both
+head turns
+
+ align:start position:0%
+head turns
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+head turns
+and um and eye movements
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and um and eye movements
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and um and eye movements
+okay you get the idea
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay you get the idea
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay you get the idea
+i didn't totally explain so this is a
+
+ align:start position:0%
+i didn't totally explain so this is a
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+i didn't totally explain so this is a
+this is a head mounted camera and eye
+
+ align:start position:0%
+this is a head mounted camera and eye
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+this is a head mounted camera and eye
+tracker okay of a person who was walking
+
+ align:start position:0%
+tracker okay of a person who was walking
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+tracker okay of a person who was walking
+around the building encountering people
+
+ align:start position:0%
+around the building encountering people
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+around the building encountering people
+and was showing you both what was in
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and was showing you both what was in
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and was showing you both what was in
+their field of view and where they were
+
+ align:start position:0%
+their field of view and where they were
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+their field of view and where they were
+fixating their eyes in that view so you
+
+ align:start position:0%
+fixating their eyes in that view so you
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+fixating their eyes in that view so you
+can see this really fine-grained
+
+ align:start position:0%
+can see this really fine-grained
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+can see this really fine-grained
+moment-to-moment sampling of visual
+
+ align:start position:0%
+moment-to-moment sampling of visual
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+moment-to-moment sampling of visual
+information all the time with over
+
+ align:start position:0%
+information all the time with over
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+information all the time with over
+detention with eye movements okay makes
+
+ align:start position:0%
+detention with eye movements okay makes
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+detention with eye movements okay makes
+sense
+
+ align:start position:0%
+sense
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+sense
+okay
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay
+okay first so that's the first
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay first so that's the first
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay first so that's the first
+distinction about attention covert
+
+ align:start position:0%
+distinction about attention covert
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+distinction about attention covert
+versus over
+
+ align:start position:0%
+versus over
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+versus over
+okay
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay
+uh now you might say why would we bother
+
+ align:start position:0%
+uh now you might say why would we bother
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+uh now you might say why would we bother
+with this subtle
+
+ align:start position:0%
+with this subtle
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+with this subtle
+sophisticated covert attention when we
+
+ align:start position:0%
+sophisticated covert attention when we
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+sophisticated covert attention when we
+can just move our eyes and do overt
+
+ align:start position:0%
+can just move our eyes and do overt
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+can just move our eyes and do overt
+attention and i think there's a bunch of
+
+ align:start position:0%
+attention and i think there's a bunch of
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+attention and i think there's a bunch of
+reasons for that one is
+
+ align:start position:0%
+reasons for that one is
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+reasons for that one is
+other people can see where you're
+
+ align:start position:0%
+other people can see where you're
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+other people can see where you're
+looking
+
+ align:start position:0%
+looking
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+looking
+and there's sometimes you want to attend
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and there's sometimes you want to attend
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and there's sometimes you want to attend
+to stuff over there and not let people
+
+ align:start position:0%
+to stuff over there and not let people
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+to stuff over there and not let people
+know
+
+ align:start position:0%
+know
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+know
+right
+
+ align:start position:0%
+right
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+right
+so there are many examples of this from
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so there are many examples of this from
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so there are many examples of this from
+elevator eyes people who look you up and
+
+ align:start position:0%
+elevator eyes people who look you up and
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+elevator eyes people who look you up and
+down it's not politically correct it's
+
+ align:start position:0%
+down it's not politically correct it's
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+down it's not politically correct it's
+not nice it's not considerate people
+
+ align:start position:0%
+not nice it's not considerate people
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+not nice it's not considerate people
+notice if you do that so don't do it you
+
+ align:start position:0%
+notice if you do that so don't do it you
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+notice if you do that so don't do it you
+can covertly attend below the face if
+
+ align:start position:0%
+can covertly attend below the face if
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+can covertly attend below the face if
+you like but don't overly move your eyes
+
+ align:start position:0%
+you like but don't overly move your eyes
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+you like but don't overly move your eyes
+down there because they will know okay
+
+ align:start position:0%
+down there because they will know okay
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+down there because they will know okay
+we primates are very very attuned to
+
+ align:start position:0%
+we primates are very very attuned to
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+we primates are very very attuned to
+where each other are looking
+
+ align:start position:0%
+where each other are looking
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+where each other are looking
+uh we are the only primate who has
+
+ align:start position:0%
+uh we are the only primate who has
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+uh we are the only primate who has
+whites around the eyes
+
+ align:start position:0%
+whites around the eyes
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+whites around the eyes
+which i just heard a talk last week by
+
+ align:start position:0%
+which i just heard a talk last week by
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+which i just heard a talk last week by
+michael tomasello who's one of the major
+
+ align:start position:0%
+michael tomasello who's one of the major
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+michael tomasello who's one of the major
+primatologists and he says that the fact
+
+ align:start position:0%
+primatologists and he says that the fact
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+primatologists and he says that the fact
+that humans have whites of their eyes
+
+ align:start position:0%
+that humans have whites of their eyes
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+that humans have whites of their eyes
+that make it so easy to tell where
+
+ align:start position:0%
+that make it so easy to tell where
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+that make it so easy to tell where
+they're looking
+
+ align:start position:0%
+they're looking
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+they're looking
+must mean that we mostly want to share
+
+ align:start position:0%
+must mean that we mostly want to share
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+must mean that we mostly want to share
+information with each other about where
+
+ align:start position:0%
+information with each other about where
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+information with each other about where
+we're looking we're a very cooperative
+
+ align:start position:0%
+we're looking we're a very cooperative
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+we're looking we're a very cooperative
+communicative species
+
+ align:start position:0%
+communicative species
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+communicative species
+but not always sometimes we want to
+
+ align:start position:0%
+but not always sometimes we want to
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+but not always sometimes we want to
+sneak a peek at something where people
+
+ align:start position:0%
+sneak a peek at something where people
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+sneak a peek at something where people
+don't know the case that i notice all
+
+ align:start position:0%
+don't know the case that i notice all
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+don't know the case that i notice all
+the time is i'm at a conference and some
+
+ align:start position:0%
+the time is i'm at a conference and some
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+the time is i'm at a conference and some
+very familiar face comes along and says
+
+ align:start position:0%
+very familiar face comes along and says
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+very familiar face comes along and says
+hey nancy how are you and i'm thinking
+
+ align:start position:0%
+hey nancy how are you and i'm thinking
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+hey nancy how are you and i'm thinking
+who the hell is this and the whole time
+
+ align:start position:0%
+who the hell is this and the whole time
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+who the hell is this and the whole time
+i'm thinking i can see the name tag
+
+ align:start position:0%
+i'm thinking i can see the name tag
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+i'm thinking i can see the name tag
+right there i can't quite resolve it i
+
+ align:start position:0%
+right there i can't quite resolve it i
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+right there i can't quite resolve it i
+know that if i second down for a half a
+
+ align:start position:0%
+know that if i second down for a half a
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+know that if i second down for a half a
+second they will see it and i will be
+
+ align:start position:0%
+second they will see it and i will be
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+second they will see it and i will be
+busted
+
+ align:start position:0%
+busted
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+busted
+and so i'm sitting there with a name
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and so i'm sitting there with a name
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and so i'm sitting there with a name
+right there racking my brain trying to
+
+ align:start position:0%
+right there racking my brain trying to
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+right there racking my brain trying to
+think who the hell it is anyway so there
+
+ align:start position:0%
+think who the hell it is anyway so there
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+think who the hell it is anyway so there
+are many cases like this where we don't
+
+ align:start position:0%
+are many cases like this where we don't
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+are many cases like this where we don't
+want to be caught
+
+ align:start position:0%
+want to be caught
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+want to be caught
+looking so those are all cases where you
+
+ align:start position:0%
+looking so those are all cases where you
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+looking so those are all cases where you
+might want to use covert attention
+
+ align:start position:0%
+might want to use covert attention
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+might want to use covert attention
+also sometimes you want to track lots of
+
+ align:start position:0%
+also sometimes you want to track lots of
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+also sometimes you want to track lots of
+things and you can't in parallel and you
+
+ align:start position:0%
+things and you can't in parallel and you
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+things and you can't in parallel and you
+can't foveate all of them you can only
+
+ align:start position:0%
+can't foveate all of them you can only
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+can't foveate all of them you can only
+fovate one thing
+
+ align:start position:0%
+fovate one thing
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+fovate one thing
+so i don't know anything about sports
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so i don't know anything about sports
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so i don't know anything about sports
+but think of your favorite complicated
+
+ align:start position:0%
+but think of your favorite complicated
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+but think of your favorite complicated
+sports example where they're multiple
+
+ align:start position:0%
+sports example where they're multiple
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+sports example where they're multiple
+players moving at once and you need to
+
+ align:start position:0%
+players moving at once and you need to
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+players moving at once and you need to
+keep track of all of them
+
+ align:start position:0%
+keep track of all of them
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+keep track of all of them
+that would be a classic case of covert
+
+ align:start position:0%
+that would be a classic case of covert
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+that would be a classic case of covert
+attention because you could covertly
+
+ align:start position:0%
+attention because you could covertly
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+attention because you could covertly
+attend to several of them at once and
+
+ align:start position:0%
+attend to several of them at once and
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+attend to several of them at once and
+you have only one fovea well you have
+
+ align:start position:0%
+you have only one fovea well you have
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+you have only one fovea well you have
+two but they go the same place
+
+ align:start position:0%
+two but they go the same place
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+two but they go the same place
+okay so that's the second distinction
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay so that's the second distinction
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay so that's the second distinction
+over versus covert
+
+ align:start position:0%
+over versus covert
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+over versus covert
+uh
+
+ align:start position:0%
+uh
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+uh
+only the first one right so the next
+
+ align:start position:0%
+only the first one right so the next
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+only the first one right so the next
+basic distinction of different kinds of
+
+ align:start position:0%
+basic distinction of different kinds of
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+basic distinction of different kinds of
+attention
+
+ align:start position:0%
+attention
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+attention
+are the kind where we decide where we
+
+ align:start position:0%
+are the kind where we decide where we
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+are the kind where we decide where we
+want to look versus the kind where
+
+ align:start position:0%
+want to look versus the kind where
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+want to look versus the kind where
+the stimulus draws our attention okay
+
+ align:start position:0%
+the stimulus draws our attention okay
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+the stimulus draws our attention okay
+so there are lots of examples like web
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so there are lots of examples like web
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so there are lots of examples like web
+pop-ups are all designed to pull your
+
+ align:start position:0%
+pop-ups are all designed to pull your
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+pop-ups are all designed to pull your
+attention over it and covert even you
+
+ align:start position:0%
+attention over it and covert even you
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+attention over it and covert even you
+don't want to look at that damn thing
+
+ align:start position:0%
+don't want to look at that damn thing
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+don't want to look at that damn thing
+but you know the weird little dancing
+
+ align:start position:0%
+but you know the weird little dancing
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+but you know the weird little dancing
+figure they're all like optimized
+
+ align:start position:0%
+figure they're all like optimized
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+figure they're all like optimized
+to pull your attention over and make you
+
+ align:start position:0%
+to pull your attention over and make you
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+to pull your attention over and make you
+read the ad right and they're pretty
+
+ align:start position:0%
+read the ad right and they're pretty
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+read the ad right and they're pretty
+effective okay so that's called
+
+ align:start position:0%
+effective okay so that's called
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+effective okay so that's called
+stimulus driven attention or exogenous
+
+ align:start position:0%
+stimulus driven attention or exogenous
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+stimulus driven attention or exogenous
+attention it comes from the outside and
+
+ align:start position:0%
+attention it comes from the outside and
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+attention it comes from the outside and
+it pulls you in
+
+ align:start position:0%
+it pulls you in
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+it pulls you in
+okay
+
+ align:start position:0%
+ 
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+ 
+another classic example is pop out if
+
+ align:start position:0%
+another classic example is pop out if
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+another classic example is pop out if
+you look at this display it's very hard
+
+ align:start position:0%
+you look at this display it's very hard
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+you look at this display it's very hard
+not to notice and have your attention
+
+ align:start position:0%
+not to notice and have your attention
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+not to notice and have your attention
+drawn to that red thing
+
+ align:start position:0%
+drawn to that red thing
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+drawn to that red thing
+certain properties of stimuli that just
+
+ align:start position:0%
+certain properties of stimuli that just
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+certain properties of stimuli that just
+automatically capture your attention
+
+ align:start position:0%
+automatically capture your attention
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+automatically capture your attention
+okay
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay
+that is to be contrasted with voluntary
+
+ align:start position:0%
+that is to be contrasted with voluntary
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+that is to be contrasted with voluntary
+controlled attention that's like the
+
+ align:start position:0%
+controlled attention that's like the
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+controlled attention that's like the
+case we did before where you were
+
+ align:start position:0%
+case we did before where you were
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+case we did before where you were
+fixating on my nose it was totally up to
+
+ align:start position:0%
+fixating on my nose it was totally up to
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+fixating on my nose it was totally up to
+you whether i attended i mean i told you
+
+ align:start position:0%
+you whether i attended i mean i told you
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+you whether i attended i mean i told you
+to but you could have made up your own
+
+ align:start position:0%
+to but you could have made up your own
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+to but you could have made up your own
+mind and attended to neither and i
+
+ align:start position:0%
+mind and attended to neither and i
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+mind and attended to neither and i
+wouldn't have known right
+
+ align:start position:0%
+wouldn't have known right
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+wouldn't have known right
+so you can decide what you want to pay
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so you can decide what you want to pay
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so you can decide what you want to pay
+attention to and as i think i mentioned
+
+ align:start position:0%
+attention to and as i think i mentioned
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+attention to and as i think i mentioned
+in i don't know what context a few weeks
+
+ align:start position:0%
+in i don't know what context a few weeks
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+in i don't know what context a few weeks
+ago thank god we can decide what to pay
+
+ align:start position:0%
+ago thank god we can decide what to pay
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+ago thank god we can decide what to pay
+attention to because there's lots of
+
+ align:start position:0%
+attention to because there's lots of
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+attention to because there's lots of
+stuff that goes on in the world that we
+
+ align:start position:0%
+stuff that goes on in the world that we
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+stuff that goes on in the world that we
+don't want to have dominate our mental
+
+ align:start position:0%
+don't want to have dominate our mental
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+don't want to have dominate our mental
+life
+
+ align:start position:0%
+life
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+life
+and
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and
+controlled or voluntary attention is one
+
+ align:start position:0%
+controlled or voluntary attention is one
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+controlled or voluntary attention is one
+way that we can
+
+ align:start position:0%
+way that we can
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+way that we can
+have our mental life dominated more by
+
+ align:start position:0%
+have our mental life dominated more by
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+have our mental life dominated more by
+things we want it to be dominated by and
+
+ align:start position:0%
+things we want it to be dominated by and
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+things we want it to be dominated by and
+less by
+
+ align:start position:0%
+less by
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+less by
+things we don't right
+
+ align:start position:0%
+things we don't right
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+things we don't right
+um so that's that notion here like for
+
+ align:start position:0%
+um so that's that notion here like for
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+um so that's that notion here like for
+example you're you know sitting here and
+
+ align:start position:0%
+example you're you know sitting here and
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+example you're you know sitting here and
+it's like noon and you're just thinking
+
+ align:start position:0%
+it's like noon and you're just thinking
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+it's like noon and you're just thinking
+okay i'm really hungry i'm really hungry
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay i'm really hungry i'm really hungry
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay i'm really hungry i'm really hungry
+if you were my dog charlie your entire
+
+ align:start position:0%
+if you were my dog charlie your entire
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+if you were my dog charlie your entire
+mental life for the whole next half an
+
+ align:start position:0%
+mental life for the whole next half an
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+mental life for the whole next half an
+hour would be i'm so hungry i'm so
+
+ align:start position:0%
+hour would be i'm so hungry i'm so
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+hour would be i'm so hungry i'm so
+hungry i'm so hungry
+
+ align:start position:0%
+hungry i'm so hungry
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+hungry i'm so hungry
+but you're a person and so that thought
+
+ align:start position:0%
+but you're a person and so that thought
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+but you're a person and so that thought
+may impinge now and then but you can
+
+ align:start position:0%
+may impinge now and then but you can
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+may impinge now and then but you can
+drive it away and think about something
+
+ align:start position:0%
+drive it away and think about something
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+drive it away and think about something
+else because it's not going to get you
+
+ align:start position:0%
+else because it's not going to get you
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+else because it's not going to get you
+anywhere to focus on how hungry our arms
+
+ align:start position:0%
+anywhere to focus on how hungry our arms
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+anywhere to focus on how hungry our arms
+i know i just made it worse i'm sorry
+
+ align:start position:0%
+i know i just made it worse i'm sorry
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+i know i just made it worse i'm sorry
+about that
+
+ align:start position:0%
+ 
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+ 
+okay
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay
+okay another way the way that scientists
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay another way the way that scientists
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay another way the way that scientists
+have typically stuttered voluntary
+
+ align:start position:0%
+have typically stuttered voluntary
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+have typically stuttered voluntary
+attention
+
+ align:start position:0%
+attention
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+attention
+as they asked subjects to do this and
+
+ align:start position:0%
+as they asked subjects to do this and
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+as they asked subjects to do this and
+much like the case we just did here's a
+
+ align:start position:0%
+much like the case we just did here's a
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+much like the case we just did here's a
+kind of very basic paradigm you have
+
+ align:start position:0%
+kind of very basic paradigm you have
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+kind of very basic paradigm you have
+subjects fixating on a cross and
+
+ align:start position:0%
+subjects fixating on a cross and
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+subjects fixating on a cross and
+typically in covert attention
+
+ align:start position:0%
+typically in covert attention
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+typically in covert attention
+experiments you want to make sure there
+
+ align:start position:0%
+experiments you want to make sure there
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+experiments you want to make sure there
+aren't overt eye movements and so you
+
+ align:start position:0%
+aren't overt eye movements and so you
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+aren't overt eye movements and so you
+have an eye tracker to make sure the
+
+ align:start position:0%
+have an eye tracker to make sure the
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+have an eye tracker to make sure the
+subject is keeping their eye on that
+
+ align:start position:0%
+subject is keeping their eye on that
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+subject is keeping their eye on that
+cross okay
+
+ align:start position:0%
+cross okay
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+cross okay
+and then you give them a little cue that
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and then you give them a little cue that
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and then you give them a little cue that
+says pay attention off to the right
+
+ align:start position:0%
+says pay attention off to the right
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+says pay attention off to the right
+but don't move your eyes
+
+ align:start position:0%
+but don't move your eyes
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+but don't move your eyes
+okay
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay
+and then shortly thereafter a little cue
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and then shortly thereafter a little cue
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and then shortly thereafter a little cue
+comes up and you have to hit a button
+
+ align:start position:0%
+comes up and you have to hit a button
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+comes up and you have to hit a button
+quickly that you detected the target
+
+ align:start position:0%
+quickly that you detected the target
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+quickly that you detected the target
+okay it comes at a variable delay so you
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay it comes at a variable delay so you
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay it comes at a variable delay so you
+can't just hit the button
+
+ align:start position:0%
+can't just hit the button
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+can't just hit the button
+okay if you do that you find that the
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay if you do that you find that the
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay if you do that you find that the
+reaction time to detect that target if
+
+ align:start position:0%
+reaction time to detect that target if
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+reaction time to detect that target if
+it's where you're attending is really
+
+ align:start position:0%
+it's where you're attending is really
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+it's where you're attending is really
+fast not much more than 200 milliseconds
+
+ align:start position:0%
+fast not much more than 200 milliseconds
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+fast not much more than 200 milliseconds
+which is damned fast right
+
+ align:start position:0%
+which is damned fast right
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+which is damned fast right
+now consider a case where you're
+
+ align:start position:0%
+now consider a case where you're
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+now consider a case where you're
+instructed to attend over here and the
+
+ align:start position:0%
+instructed to attend over here and the
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+instructed to attend over here and the
+way you get these experiments to work is
+
+ align:start position:0%
+way you get these experiments to work is
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+way you get these experiments to work is
+that these cues are valid eighty percent
+
+ align:start position:0%
+that these cues are valid eighty percent
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+that these cues are valid eighty percent
+of the time so there's a reason for
+
+ align:start position:0%
+of the time so there's a reason for
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+of the time so there's a reason for
+subject to the motivation for them to
+
+ align:start position:0%
+subject to the motivation for them to
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+subject to the motivation for them to
+follow your instruction so trying to
+
+ align:start position:0%
+follow your instruction so trying to
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+follow your instruction so trying to
+answer quickly and there's like okay
+
+ align:start position:0%
+answer quickly and there's like okay
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+answer quickly and there's like okay
+they're ready it's almost certainly
+
+ align:start position:0%
+they're ready it's almost certainly
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+they're ready it's almost certainly
+going to be over here but oops it's not
+
+ align:start position:0%
+going to be over here but oops it's not
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+going to be over here but oops it's not
+okay
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay
+then reaction time is almost 100
+
+ align:start position:0%
+then reaction time is almost 100
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+then reaction time is almost 100
+milliseconds slower which is a huge
+
+ align:start position:0%
+milliseconds slower which is a huge
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+milliseconds slower which is a huge
+effect in psychology 100 milliseconds
+
+ align:start position:0%
+effect in psychology 100 milliseconds
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+effect in psychology 100 milliseconds
+okay
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay
+okay so you're much slower to detect
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay so you're much slower to detect
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay so you're much slower to detect
+something
+
+ align:start position:0%
+something
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+something
+um if it's at an unattended location
+
+ align:start position:0%
+um if it's at an unattended location
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+um if it's at an unattended location
+okay and if you have a neutral trial
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay and if you have a neutral trial
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay and if you have a neutral trial
+you're somewhere in the middle
+
+ align:start position:0%
+you're somewhere in the middle
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+you're somewhere in the middle
+okay so that is
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay so that is
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay so that is
+exogenous or um
+
+ align:start position:0%
+exogenous or um
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+exogenous or um
+voluntary attention
+
+ align:start position:0%
+voluntary attention
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+voluntary attention
+okay
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay
+and again this is covert attention no
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and again this is covert attention no
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and again this is covert attention no
+eye movements
+
+ align:start position:0%
+eye movements
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+eye movements
+all right
+
+ align:start position:0%
+all right
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+all right
+um
+
+ align:start position:0%
+um
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+um
+so third distinction the example i just
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so third distinction the example i just
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so third distinction the example i just
+gave you was spatial attention you're
+
+ align:start position:0%
+gave you was spatial attention you're
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+gave you was spatial attention you're
+attending to this location or that
+
+ align:start position:0%
+attending to this location or that
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+attending to this location or that
+location in space
+
+ align:start position:0%
+location in space
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+location in space
+okay that's probably the most powerful
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay that's probably the most powerful
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay that's probably the most powerful
+and common kind of attention is usually
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and common kind of attention is usually
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and common kind of attention is usually
+the things you're interested in are in a
+
+ align:start position:0%
+the things you're interested in are in a
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+the things you're interested in are in a
+particular place and you attended that
+
+ align:start position:0%
+particular place and you attended that
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+particular place and you attended that
+place and there you go
+
+ align:start position:0%
+place and there you go
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+place and there you go
+but it's not the only kind
+
+ align:start position:0%
+but it's not the only kind
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+but it's not the only kind
+you can have feature based attention
+
+ align:start position:0%
+you can have feature based attention
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+you can have feature based attention
+so if your utensil drawer is a hell of a
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so if your utensil drawer is a hell of a
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so if your utensil drawer is a hell of a
+mess like mine is
+
+ align:start position:0%
+mess like mine is
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+mess like mine is
+um like this
+
+ align:start position:0%
+um like this
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+um like this
+if your task is to find the black
+
+ align:start position:0%
+if your task is to find the black
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+if your task is to find the black
+vegetable peeler
+
+ align:start position:0%
+vegetable peeler
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+vegetable peeler
+best of luck to you it'll take quite a
+
+ align:start position:0%
+best of luck to you it'll take quite a
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+best of luck to you it'll take quite a
+while
+
+ align:start position:0%
+while
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+while
+it's in there it's right there it takes
+
+ align:start position:0%
+it's in there it's right there it takes
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+it's in there it's right there it takes
+a while right
+
+ align:start position:0%
+a while right
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+a while right
+in contrast if the task is find the
+
+ align:start position:0%
+in contrast if the task is find the
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+in contrast if the task is find the
+purple rubber spatula duh
+
+ align:start position:0%
+purple rubber spatula duh
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+purple rubber spatula duh
+right okay so that's feature-based
+
+ align:start position:0%
+right okay so that's feature-based
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+right okay so that's feature-based
+attention you don't know the location in
+
+ align:start position:0%
+attention you don't know the location in
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+attention you don't know the location in
+advance you know something about the
+
+ align:start position:0%
+advance you know something about the
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+advance you know something about the
+feature you're looking for that it's
+
+ align:start position:0%
+feature you're looking for that it's
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+feature you're looking for that it's
+black or that it's purple
+
+ align:start position:0%
+black or that it's purple
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+black or that it's purple
+or round or square or whatever the
+
+ align:start position:0%
+or round or square or whatever the
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+or round or square or whatever the
+feature is okay so different ways of
+
+ align:start position:0%
+feature is okay so different ways of
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+feature is okay so different ways of
+different kinds of filters you can set
+
+ align:start position:0%
+different kinds of filters you can set
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+different kinds of filters you can set
+on your attentional system
+
+ align:start position:0%
+on your attentional system
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+on your attentional system
+okay so that's just to give you some of
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay so that's just to give you some of
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay so that's just to give you some of
+the phenomenology of the different kinds
+
+ align:start position:0%
+the phenomenology of the different kinds
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+the phenomenology of the different kinds
+of attention
+
+ align:start position:0%
+of attention
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+of attention
+how does all this work in the brain i'm
+
+ align:start position:0%
+how does all this work in the brain i'm
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+how does all this work in the brain i'm
+not going to tell you how it works we'll
+
+ align:start position:0%
+not going to tell you how it works we'll
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+not going to tell you how it works we'll
+just focus mostly on what the brain
+
+ align:start position:0%
+just focus mostly on what the brain
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+just focus mostly on what the brain
+regions are
+
+ align:start position:0%
+regions are
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+regions are
+okay so let's go back to this case here
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay so let's go back to this case here
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay so let's go back to this case here
+voluntary attention
+
+ align:start position:0%
+voluntary attention
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+voluntary attention
+so now the question is what happens when
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so now the question is what happens when
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so now the question is what happens when
+you get this cue
+
+ align:start position:0%
+you get this cue
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+you get this cue
+you're not going to move your eyes but
+
+ align:start position:0%
+you're not going to move your eyes but
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+you're not going to move your eyes but
+you're kind of cranking up that part of
+
+ align:start position:0%
+you're kind of cranking up that part of
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+you're kind of cranking up that part of
+space
+
+ align:start position:0%
+space
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+space
+okay what's going on in the brain
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay what's going on in the brain
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay what's going on in the brain
+right there
+
+ align:start position:0%
+right there
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+right there
+before the stimulus comes on
+
+ align:start position:0%
+before the stimulus comes on
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+before the stimulus comes on
+everybody get the question
+
+ align:start position:0%
+everybody get the question
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+everybody get the question
+okay you know you can sort of feel it
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay you know you can sort of feel it
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay you know you can sort of feel it
+happening but what does that what does
+
+ align:start position:0%
+happening but what does that what does
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+happening but what does that what does
+that mean
+
+ align:start position:0%
+that mean
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+that mean
+well this is very amenable to a simple
+
+ align:start position:0%
+well this is very amenable to a simple
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+well this is very amenable to a simple
+functional mri experiment
+
+ align:start position:0%
+functional mri experiment
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+functional mri experiment
+and in the early days of functional mri
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and in the early days of functional mri
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and in the early days of functional mri
+a whole bunch of people at once realize
+
+ align:start position:0%
+a whole bunch of people at once realize
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+a whole bunch of people at once realize
+oh right we can answer this
+
+ align:start position:0%
+oh right we can answer this
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+oh right we can answer this
+long-standing question of whether
+
+ align:start position:0%
+long-standing question of whether
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+long-standing question of whether
+early retinotopic parts of the visual
+
+ align:start position:0%
+early retinotopic parts of the visual
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+early retinotopic parts of the visual
+system are affected
+
+ align:start position:0%
+system are affected
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+system are affected
+just by a cue like that even before the
+
+ align:start position:0%
+just by a cue like that even before the
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+just by a cue like that even before the
+stimulus comes on
+
+ align:start position:0%
+stimulus comes on
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+stimulus comes on
+right
+
+ align:start position:0%
+right
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+right
+so and i think it was 1998 a whole bunch
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so and i think it was 1998 a whole bunch
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so and i think it was 1998 a whole bunch
+of people started doing this in 1997. i
+
+ align:start position:0%
+of people started doing this in 1997. i
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+of people started doing this in 1997. i
+was one of them uh but a whole bunch did
+
+ align:start position:0%
+was one of them uh but a whole bunch did
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+was one of them uh but a whole bunch did
+it once in 1998 i think like
+
+ align:start position:0%
+it once in 1998 i think like
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+it once in 1998 i think like
+six papers were published all doing
+
+ align:start position:0%
+six papers were published all doing
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+six papers were published all doing
+versions of this next thing which is one
+
+ align:start position:0%
+versions of this next thing which is one
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+versions of this next thing which is one
+of those obvious ideas
+
+ align:start position:0%
+of those obvious ideas
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+of those obvious ideas
+um we got scooped but anyway
+
+ align:start position:0%
+um we got scooped but anyway
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+um we got scooped but anyway
+everybody got the same result so
+
+ align:start position:0%
+everybody got the same result so
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+everybody got the same result so
+basically if you just do a simple
+
+ align:start position:0%
+basically if you just do a simple
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+basically if you just do a simple
+comparison this is a version they have
+
+ align:start position:0%
+comparison this is a version they have
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+comparison this is a version they have
+subjects are fixating here there's two
+
+ align:start position:0%
+subjects are fixating here there's two
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+subjects are fixating here there's two
+stimuli
+
+ align:start position:0%
+stimuli
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+stimuli
+they're looking in v1 and v2
+
+ align:start position:0%
+they're looking in v1 and v2
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+they're looking in v1 and v2
+and if you just do a contrast of the
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and if you just do a contrast of the
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and if you just do a contrast of the
+case where you're looking here and
+
+ align:start position:0%
+case where you're looking here and
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+case where you're looking here and
+you're attending waiting for a target
+
+ align:start position:0%
+you're attending waiting for a target
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+you're attending waiting for a target
+here versus waiting for a target there
+
+ align:start position:0%
+here versus waiting for a target there
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+here versus waiting for a target there
+without moving your eyes
+
+ align:start position:0%
+without moving your eyes
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+without moving your eyes
+you get a big contralateral
+
+ align:start position:0%
+you get a big contralateral
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+you get a big contralateral
+modulation in in v1 and v2 this is a
+
+ align:start position:0%
+modulation in in v1 and v2 this is a
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+modulation in in v1 and v2 this is a
+slice near the back of the head here so
+
+ align:start position:0%
+slice near the back of the head here so
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+slice near the back of the head here so
+this is a piece of
+
+ align:start position:0%
+this is a piece of
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+this is a piece of
+calculus or primary visual cortex
+
+ align:start position:0%
+calculus or primary visual cortex
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+calculus or primary visual cortex
+right and so you can see even before the
+
+ align:start position:0%
+right and so you can see even before the
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+right and so you can see even before the
+target stimulus comes on just attending
+
+ align:start position:0%
+target stimulus comes on just attending
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+target stimulus comes on just attending
+over there gives you a big baseline
+
+ align:start position:0%
+over there gives you a big baseline
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+over there gives you a big baseline
+increase in neural activity everybody
+
+ align:start position:0%
+increase in neural activity everybody
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+increase in neural activity everybody
+clear what's going on here
+
+ align:start position:0%
+clear what's going on here
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+clear what's going on here
+and of course you can do the opposite
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and of course you can do the opposite
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and of course you can do the opposite
+one and see that it shifts to the
+
+ align:start position:0%
+one and see that it shifts to the
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+one and see that it shifts to the
+opposite side of space
+
+ align:start position:0%
+opposite side of space
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+opposite side of space
+okay
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay
+okay
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay
+so that's all before the stimulus comes
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so that's all before the stimulus comes
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so that's all before the stimulus comes
+on you can think of it as priming the
+
+ align:start position:0%
+on you can think of it as priming the
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+on you can think of it as priming the
+brain kind of juicing up those neurons
+
+ align:start position:0%
+brain kind of juicing up those neurons
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+brain kind of juicing up those neurons
+getting them ready to go so that when
+
+ align:start position:0%
+getting them ready to go so that when
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+getting them ready to go so that when
+that stimulus comes through boom your
+
+ align:start position:0%
+that stimulus comes through boom your
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+that stimulus comes through boom your
+reaction time is faster
+
+ align:start position:0%
+reaction time is faster
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+reaction time is faster
+okay
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay
+um
+
+ align:start position:0%
+um
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+um
+okay so that's modulating
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay so that's modulating
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay so that's modulating
+uh parts of visual cortex before a
+
+ align:start position:0%
+uh parts of visual cortex before a
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+uh parts of visual cortex before a
+stimulus comes on to get it ready
+
+ align:start position:0%
+stimulus comes on to get it ready
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+stimulus comes on to get it ready
+but we can also look at what is the
+
+ align:start position:0%
+but we can also look at what is the
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+but we can also look at what is the
+effect on a stimulus once it comes
+
+ align:start position:0%
+effect on a stimulus once it comes
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+effect on a stimulus once it comes
+through an attended stimulus or an
+
+ align:start position:0%
+through an attended stimulus or an
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+through an attended stimulus or an
+unattended stimulus
+
+ align:start position:0%
+unattended stimulus
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+unattended stimulus
+to show you that i'm going to show you
+
+ align:start position:0%
+to show you that i'm going to show you
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+to show you that i'm going to show you
+what kind of feature based attention
+
+ align:start position:0%
+what kind of feature based attention
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+what kind of feature based attention
+and what
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and what
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and what
+ancient this is a paper we published in
+
+ align:start position:0%
+ancient this is a paper we published in
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+ancient this is a paper we published in
+1998 i think we this is not a
+
+ align:start position:0%
+1998 i think we this is not a
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+1998 i think we this is not a
+non-spatial version
+
+ align:start position:0%
+non-spatial version
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+non-spatial version
+so we gave subjects guess what faces and
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so we gave subjects guess what faces and
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so we gave subjects guess what faces and
+houses and a little crosshair and we had
+
+ align:start position:0%
+houses and a little crosshair and we had
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+houses and a little crosshair and we had
+subjects in different blocks
+
+ align:start position:0%
+subjects in different blocks
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+subjects in different blocks
+say whether the two arms of the cross
+
+ align:start position:0%
+say whether the two arms of the cross
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+say whether the two arms of the cross
+were the same or different length okay
+
+ align:start position:0%
+were the same or different length okay
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+were the same or different length okay
+so vertical one is different length so
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so vertical one is different length so
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so vertical one is different length so
+that's a different case
+
+ align:start position:0%
+that's a different case
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+that's a different case
+whether the two houses are same or
+
+ align:start position:0%
+whether the two houses are same or
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+whether the two houses are same or
+different
+
+ align:start position:0%
+different
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+different
+or whether the two faces are same or
+
+ align:start position:0%
+or whether the two faces are same or
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+or whether the two faces are same or
+different okay so actually it's spatial
+
+ align:start position:0%
+different okay so actually it's spatial
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+different okay so actually it's spatial
+and featural come to think of it because
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and featural come to think of it because
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and featural come to think of it because
+they're in different places
+
+ align:start position:0%
+they're in different places
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+they're in different places
+okay
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay
+so we then looked in a bunch of regions
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so we then looked in a bunch of regions
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so we then looked in a bunch of regions
+i'll show you the data from the fusiform
+
+ align:start position:0%
+i'll show you the data from the fusiform
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+i'll show you the data from the fusiform
+face area
+
+ align:start position:0%
+face area
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+face area
+and the key thing about this is in all
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and the key thing about this is in all
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and the key thing about this is in all
+three tasks we had the identical stimuli
+
+ align:start position:0%
+three tasks we had the identical stimuli
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+three tasks we had the identical stimuli
+so there's always faces and houses and
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so there's always faces and houses and
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so there's always faces and houses and
+crosses in the same place in your visual
+
+ align:start position:0%
+crosses in the same place in your visual
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+crosses in the same place in your visual
+field in all of those blocks it's just a
+
+ align:start position:0%
+field in all of those blocks it's just a
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+field in all of those blocks it's just a
+matter of which of those things you're
+
+ align:start position:0%
+matter of which of those things you're
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+matter of which of those things you're
+paying attention to
+
+ align:start position:0%
+paying attention to
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+paying attention to
+okay
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay
+so what do you think we'll see in the
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so what do you think we'll see in the
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so what do you think we'll see in the
+fusiform face area
+
+ align:start position:0%
+fusiform face area
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+fusiform face area
+in this experiment
+
+ align:start position:0%
+in this experiment
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+in this experiment
+is it going to care
+
+ align:start position:0%
+is it going to care
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+is it going to care
+whether you're attending to faces
+
+ align:start position:0%
+whether you're attending to faces
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+whether you're attending to faces
+or attending to houses or attending to
+
+ align:start position:0%
+or attending to houses or attending to
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+or attending to houses or attending to
+the crosshair
+
+ align:start position:0%
+the crosshair
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+the crosshair
+same stimulus all the time
+
+ align:start position:0%
+ 
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+ 
+exactly what happens okay everybody hear
+
+ align:start position:0%
+exactly what happens okay everybody hear
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+exactly what happens okay everybody hear
+the prediction you'll still get
+
+ align:start position:0%
+the prediction you'll still get
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+the prediction you'll still get
+something
+
+ align:start position:0%
+something
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+something
+but you'll get more when you're paying
+
+ align:start position:0%
+but you'll get more when you're paying
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+but you'll get more when you're paying
+attention to it
+
+ align:start position:0%
+attention to it
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+attention to it
+okay so
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay so
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay so
+here's the ffa response over time here's
+
+ align:start position:0%
+here's the ffa response over time here's
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+here's the ffa response over time here's
+the time course
+
+ align:start position:0%
+the time course
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+the time course
+and these gray blocks are the blocks
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and these gray blocks are the blocks
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and these gray blocks are the blocks
+these are the different attending to
+
+ align:start position:0%
+these are the different attending to
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+these are the different attending to
+houses faces color houses faces
+
+ align:start position:0%
+houses faces color houses faces
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+houses faces color houses faces
+crosshair houses faces crosshair the
+
+ align:start position:0%
+crosshair houses faces crosshair the
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+crosshair houses faces crosshair the
+gray bars are when the subjects are
+
+ align:start position:0%
+gray bars are when the subjects are
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+gray bars are when the subjects are
+attending to faces
+
+ align:start position:0%
+attending to faces
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+attending to faces
+now here
+
+ align:start position:0%
+now here
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+now here
+uh
+
+ align:start position:0%
+uh
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+uh
+i actually can't quite tell
+
+ align:start position:0%
+i actually can't quite tell
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+i actually can't quite tell
+yeah i can sort of tell
+
+ align:start position:0%
+yeah i can sort of tell
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+yeah i can sort of tell
+you can't see it on the screen but there
+
+ align:start position:0%
+you can't see it on the screen but there
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+you can't see it on the screen but there
+are little rest periods between those
+
+ align:start position:0%
+are little rest periods between those
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+are little rest periods between those
+blocks so i'm trying to figure out if
+
+ align:start position:0%
+blocks so i'm trying to figure out if
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+blocks so i'm trying to figure out if
+you're right that there's some response
+
+ align:start position:0%
+you're right that there's some response
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+you're right that there's some response
+um greater than baseline i think there's
+
+ align:start position:0%
+um greater than baseline i think there's
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+um greater than baseline i think there's
+actually very little selective response
+
+ align:start position:0%
+actually very little selective response
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+actually very little selective response
+greater than baseline
+
+ align:start position:0%
+greater than baseline
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+greater than baseline
+by design we made this a whopping
+
+ align:start position:0%
+by design we made this a whopping
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+by design we made this a whopping
+attentional manipulation
+
+ align:start position:0%
+attentional manipulation
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+attentional manipulation
+so that all of the tasks are really
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so that all of the tasks are really
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so that all of the tasks are really
+difficult and we're doing one of them
+
+ align:start position:0%
+difficult and we're doing one of them
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+difficult and we're doing one of them
+you just barely feel aware of anything
+
+ align:start position:0%
+you just barely feel aware of anything
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+you just barely feel aware of anything
+else in fact i vividly remember
+
+ align:start position:0%
+else in fact i vividly remember
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+else in fact i vividly remember
+the first time we ran this experiment i
+
+ align:start position:0%
+the first time we ran this experiment i
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+the first time we ran this experiment i
+was a subject in the scanner and i i did
+
+ align:start position:0%
+was a subject in the scanner and i i did
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+was a subject in the scanner and i i did
+the first block and i was doing um just
+
+ align:start position:0%
+the first block and i was doing um just
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+the first block and i was doing um just
+cross hairs
+
+ align:start position:0%
+cross hairs
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+cross hairs
+and i did i went through the whole
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and i did i went through the whole
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and i did i went through the whole
+crosshair thing and it wasn't till the
+
+ align:start position:0%
+crosshair thing and it wasn't till the
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+crosshair thing and it wasn't till the
+end of the experiment i realized oh
+
+ align:start position:0%
+end of the experiment i realized oh
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+end of the experiment i realized oh
+right there were faces there i was just
+
+ align:start position:0%
+right there were faces there i was just
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+right there were faces there i was just
+completely unaware of them right so we
+
+ align:start position:0%
+completely unaware of them right so we
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+completely unaware of them right so we
+designed it to really
+
+ align:start position:0%
+designed it to really
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+designed it to really
+um so tie up your mental capacity that
+
+ align:start position:0%
+um so tie up your mental capacity that
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+um so tie up your mental capacity that
+you just didn't have processing
+
+ align:start position:0%
+you just didn't have processing
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+you just didn't have processing
+resources left for anything else and so
+
+ align:start position:0%
+resources left for anything else and so
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+resources left for anything else and so
+if there is a response to everything
+
+ align:start position:0%
+if there is a response to everything
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+if there is a response to everything
+else here is really low but you can see
+
+ align:start position:0%
+else here is really low but you can see
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+else here is really low but you can see
+certainly the attended thing is much
+
+ align:start position:0%
+certainly the attended thing is much
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+certainly the attended thing is much
+more
+
+ align:start position:0%
+more
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+more
+it's much stronger in the attendant case
+
+ align:start position:0%
+it's much stronger in the attendant case
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+it's much stronger in the attendant case
+in the unattended case
+
+ align:start position:0%
+in the unattended case
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+in the unattended case
+okay
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay
+so this is a general property like
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so this is a general property like
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so this is a general property like
+basically all of the perceptual regions
+
+ align:start position:0%
+basically all of the perceptual regions
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+basically all of the perceptual regions
+we've talked about are strongly
+
+ align:start position:0%
+we've talked about are strongly
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+we've talked about are strongly
+modulable by attention okay
+
+ align:start position:0%
+modulable by attention okay
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+modulable by attention okay
+from from retinotopic regions on up okay
+
+ align:start position:0%
+from from retinotopic regions on up okay
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+from from retinotopic regions on up okay
+including v1
+
+ align:start position:0%
+including v1
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+including v1
+and in fact even including the lateral
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and in fact even including the lateral
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and in fact even including the lateral
+geniculate nucleus
+
+ align:start position:0%
+geniculate nucleus
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+geniculate nucleus
+so one synapse up from the retina
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so one synapse up from the retina
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so one synapse up from the retina
+you're already modulating activity there
+
+ align:start position:0%
+you're already modulating activity there
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+you're already modulating activity there
+by attention
+
+ align:start position:0%
+by attention
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+by attention
+okay
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay
+remember i remember i know i said this
+
+ align:start position:0%
+remember i remember i know i said this
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+remember i remember i know i said this
+but it maybe went by briefly you have 10
+
+ align:start position:0%
+but it maybe went by briefly you have 10
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+but it maybe went by briefly you have 10
+times as many connections down from
+
+ align:start position:0%
+times as many connections down from
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+times as many connections down from
+cortex down to the lgn as you have going
+
+ align:start position:0%
+cortex down to the lgn as you have going
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+cortex down to the lgn as you have going
+forward
+
+ align:start position:0%
+forward
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+forward
+okay one of the things they're doing is
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay one of the things they're doing is
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay one of the things they're doing is
+setting up selective filters so that
+
+ align:start position:0%
+setting up selective filters so that
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+setting up selective filters so that
+only the stuff you want to process
+
+ align:start position:0%
+only the stuff you want to process
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+only the stuff you want to process
+makes it to higher stages
+
+ align:start position:0%
+makes it to higher stages
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+makes it to higher stages
+okay um yes so does this sort of
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay um yes so does this sort of
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay um yes so does this sort of
+phenomenon generalize across the brain
+
+ align:start position:0%
+phenomenon generalize across the brain
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+phenomenon generalize across the brain
+areas
+
+ align:start position:0%
+areas
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+areas
+i mean it's it's like it's generally
+
+ align:start position:0%
+i mean it's it's like it's generally
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+i mean it's it's like it's generally
+true of pretty much everywhere yeah so
+
+ align:start position:0%
+true of pretty much everywhere yeah so
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+true of pretty much everywhere yeah so
+the intuitive physics thing is justified
+
+ align:start position:0%
+the intuitive physics thing is justified
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+the intuitive physics thing is justified
+so experiment two over there was you see
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so experiment two over there was you see
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so experiment two over there was you see
+the same stimulus
+
+ align:start position:0%
+the same stimulus
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+the same stimulus
+exactly it's an instance of this exactly
+
+ align:start position:0%
+exactly it's an instance of this exactly
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+exactly it's an instance of this exactly
+right exactly right it gives us one of
+
+ align:start position:0%
+right exactly right it gives us one of
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+right exactly right it gives us one of
+gives us one of our paradigms in
+
+ align:start position:0%
+gives us one of our paradigms in
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+gives us one of our paradigms in
+functional mri studies have the same
+
+ align:start position:0%
+functional mri studies have the same
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+functional mri studies have the same
+stimulus vary the task okay some things
+
+ align:start position:0%
+stimulus vary the task okay some things
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+stimulus vary the task okay some things
+that some things don't work as well
+
+ align:start position:0%
+that some things don't work as well
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+that some things don't work as well
+things that are just very dominant
+
+ align:start position:0%
+things that are just very dominant
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+things that are just very dominant
+stimuli in this experiment if we hadn't
+
+ align:start position:0%
+stimuli in this experiment if we hadn't
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+stimuli in this experiment if we hadn't
+put the faces in the periphery and given
+
+ align:start position:0%
+put the faces in the periphery and given
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+put the faces in the periphery and given
+subjects a damn difficult task
+
+ align:start position:0%
+subjects a damn difficult task
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+subjects a damn difficult task
+the modulation wouldn't have worked
+
+ align:start position:0%
+the modulation wouldn't have worked
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+the modulation wouldn't have worked
+because faces are just so dominant
+
+ align:start position:0%
+because faces are just so dominant
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+because faces are just so dominant
+they're going to punch through even if
+
+ align:start position:0%
+they're going to punch through even if
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+they're going to punch through even if
+you don't want to right
+
+ align:start position:0%
+you don't want to right
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+you don't want to right
+like web pop-ups
+
+ align:start position:0%
+like web pop-ups
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+like web pop-ups
+uh you also i'm going to skip this
+
+ align:start position:0%
+uh you also i'm going to skip this
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+uh you also i'm going to skip this
+because we won't have time you could get
+
+ align:start position:0%
+because we won't have time you could get
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+because we won't have time you could get
+very similar things in primary auditory
+
+ align:start position:0%
+very similar things in primary auditory
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+very similar things in primary auditory
+cortex listening to high frequencies or
+
+ align:start position:0%
+cortex listening to high frequencies or
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+cortex listening to high frequencies or
+low frequencies these are all the same
+
+ align:start position:0%
+low frequencies these are all the same
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+low frequencies these are all the same
+stimuli this is voxel selective for low
+
+ align:start position:0%
+stimuli this is voxel selective for low
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+stimuli this is voxel selective for low
+freq frequencies voxel selected for high
+
+ align:start position:0%
+freq frequencies voxel selected for high
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+freq frequencies voxel selected for high
+frequencies you have a high frequency
+
+ align:start position:0%
+frequencies you have a high frequency
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+frequencies you have a high frequency
+input in one ear low frequency in the
+
+ align:start position:0%
+input in one ear low frequency in the
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+input in one ear low frequency in the
+other as you switch between those
+
+ align:start position:0%
+other as you switch between those
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+other as you switch between those
+responses toggle
+
+ align:start position:0%
+responses toggle
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+responses toggle
+okay
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay
+so all of that tells you the effects of
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so all of that tells you the effects of
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so all of that tells you the effects of
+attention how it modulates activity all
+
+ align:start position:0%
+attention how it modulates activity all
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+attention how it modulates activity all
+over the brain but what is the source of
+
+ align:start position:0%
+over the brain but what is the source of
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+over the brain but what is the source of
+attentional signals in the brain
+
+ align:start position:0%
+attentional signals in the brain
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+attentional signals in the brain
+uh and that source is a set of regions
+
+ align:start position:0%
+uh and that source is a set of regions
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+uh and that source is a set of regions
+we have encountered before
+
+ align:start position:0%
+we have encountered before
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+we have encountered before
+sometimes called the fronto parietal
+
+ align:start position:0%
+sometimes called the fronto parietal
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+sometimes called the fronto parietal
+attention network these blue and green
+
+ align:start position:0%
+attention network these blue and green
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+attention network these blue and green
+bits up in here back here in the
+
+ align:start position:0%
+bits up in here back here in the
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+bits up in here back here in the
+parietal lobe up here in the frontal
+
+ align:start position:0%
+parietal lobe up here in the frontal
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+parietal lobe up here in the frontal
+lobe
+
+ align:start position:0%
+lobe
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+lobe
+and they're active when you shift
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and they're active when you shift
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and they're active when you shift
+attention from one location to another
+
+ align:start position:0%
+attention from one location to another
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+attention from one location to another
+from one feature to another or when you
+
+ align:start position:0%
+from one feature to another or when you
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+from one feature to another or when you
+do any difficult attention demanding
+
+ align:start position:0%
+do any difficult attention demanding
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+do any difficult attention demanding
+task
+
+ align:start position:0%
+task
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+task
+we've also talked about them in the
+
+ align:start position:0%
+we've also talked about them in the
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+we've also talked about them in the
+other context of the multiple demand
+
+ align:start position:0%
+other context of the multiple demand
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+other context of the multiple demand
+system it's pretty much the same set of
+
+ align:start position:0%
+system it's pretty much the same set of
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+system it's pretty much the same set of
+cortical regions that pretty much any
+
+ align:start position:0%
+cortical regions that pretty much any
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+cortical regions that pretty much any
+time you do a difficult task almost no
+
+ align:start position:0%
+time you do a difficult task almost no
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+time you do a difficult task almost no
+matter what the task is these regions
+
+ align:start position:0%
+matter what the task is these regions
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+matter what the task is these regions
+turn on
+
+ align:start position:0%
+turn on
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+turn on
+so they're not just about visual
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so they're not just about visual
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so they're not just about visual
+attention they're kind of about you know
+
+ align:start position:0%
+attention they're kind of about you know
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+attention they're kind of about you know
+basically controlling your mind
+
+ align:start position:0%
+basically controlling your mind
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+basically controlling your mind
+right
+
+ align:start position:0%
+right
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+right
+selecting information
+
+ align:start position:0%
+selecting information
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+selecting information
+making yourself do difficult things
+
+ align:start position:0%
+making yourself do difficult things
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+making yourself do difficult things
+who knows what what that is
+
+ align:start position:0%
+who knows what what that is
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+who knows what what that is
+computationally but these regions are
+
+ align:start position:0%
+computationally but these regions are
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+computationally but these regions are
+very systematically engaged
+
+ align:start position:0%
+very systematically engaged
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+very systematically engaged
+and they're particularly systematically
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and they're particularly systematically
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and they're particularly systematically
+engaged when you're shifting attention
+
+ align:start position:0%
+engaged when you're shifting attention
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+engaged when you're shifting attention
+over different locations
+
+ align:start position:0%
+over different locations
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+over different locations
+okay so just to remind you in contrast
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay so just to remind you in contrast
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay so just to remind you in contrast
+to everything else we've talked about
+
+ align:start position:0%
+to everything else we've talked about
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+to everything else we've talked about
+face areas music areas language areas
+
+ align:start position:0%
+face areas music areas language areas
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+face areas music areas language areas
+they're very specific for one mental
+
+ align:start position:0%
+they're very specific for one mental
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+they're very specific for one mental
+process domain specific these are the
+
+ align:start position:0%
+process domain specific these are the
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+process domain specific these are the
+opposite they're ludicrously domain
+
+ align:start position:0%
+opposite they're ludicrously domain
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+opposite they're ludicrously domain
+general
+
+ align:start position:0%
+general
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+general
+okay
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay
+all right
+
+ align:start position:0%
+all right
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+all right
+um
+
+ align:start position:0%
+um
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+um
+i'm gonna skip the video when the system
+
+ align:start position:0%
+i'm gonna skip the video when the system
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+i'm gonna skip the video when the system
+is damaged bilaterally all kinds of
+
+ align:start position:0%
+is damaged bilaterally all kinds of
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+is damaged bilaterally all kinds of
+weird stuff happens okay i'll post this
+
+ align:start position:0%
+weird stuff happens okay i'll post this
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+weird stuff happens okay i'll post this
+if you guys send me an email to remind
+
+ align:start position:0%
+if you guys send me an email to remind
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+if you guys send me an email to remind
+me i'll post this clip in balance
+
+ align:start position:0%
+me i'll post this clip in balance
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+me i'll post this clip in balance
+syndrome where you have bilateral damage
+
+ align:start position:0%
+syndrome where you have bilateral damage
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+syndrome where you have bilateral damage
+back there in these parietal regions
+
+ align:start position:0%
+back there in these parietal regions
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+back there in these parietal regions
+people can only see one object at a time
+
+ align:start position:0%
+people can only see one object at a time
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+people can only see one object at a time
+okay they're looking out at a
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay they're looking out at a
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay they're looking out at a
+complicated thing like this and they
+
+ align:start position:0%
+complicated thing like this and they
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+complicated thing like this and they
+would see i see shash see anything else
+
+ align:start position:0%
+would see i see shash see anything else
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+would see i see shash see anything else
+no just josh nothing else there no just
+
+ align:start position:0%
+no just josh nothing else there no just
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+no just josh nothing else there no just
+josh right totally weird anyway so they
+
+ align:start position:0%
+josh right totally weird anyway so they
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+josh right totally weird anyway so they
+get locked on one thing they can't shift
+
+ align:start position:0%
+get locked on one thing they can't shift
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+get locked on one thing they can't shift
+attention
+
+ align:start position:0%
+attention
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+attention
+okay
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay
+um
+
+ align:start position:0%
+um
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+um
+okay i wanted to talk at least briefly
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay i wanted to talk at least briefly
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay i wanted to talk at least briefly
+about awareness
+
+ align:start position:0%
+about awareness
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+about awareness
+so let's talk a little bit about
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so let's talk a little bit about
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so let's talk a little bit about
+neural correlates of awareness
+
+ align:start position:0%
+neural correlates of awareness
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+neural correlates of awareness
+and
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and
+so first question is
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so first question is
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so first question is
+if we want to study
+
+ align:start position:0%
+if we want to study
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+if we want to study
+perceptual awareness and not just
+
+ align:start position:0%
+perceptual awareness and not just
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+perceptual awareness and not just
+perception
+
+ align:start position:0%
+perception
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+perception
+how are we going to uncouple those
+
+ align:start position:0%
+how are we going to uncouple those
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+how are we going to uncouple those
+things
+
+ align:start position:0%
+things
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+things
+we've sort of talked about a few
+
+ align:start position:0%
+we've sort of talked about a few
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+we've sort of talked about a few
+examples with attention
+
+ align:start position:0%
+examples with attention
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+examples with attention
+with attention the thing you're
+
+ align:start position:0%
+with attention the thing you're
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+with attention the thing you're
+attending to is at least much more
+
+ align:start position:0%
+attending to is at least much more
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+attending to is at least much more
+dominant in your awareness than the
+
+ align:start position:0%
+dominant in your awareness than the
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+dominant in your awareness than the
+stuff you're not attending to even if
+
+ align:start position:0%
+stuff you're not attending to even if
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+stuff you're not attending to even if
+the other stuff seeps in a little bit so
+
+ align:start position:0%
+the other stuff seeps in a little bit so
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+the other stuff seeps in a little bit so
+that's one way
+
+ align:start position:0%
+ 
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+ 
+where you have the identical stimulus
+
+ align:start position:0%
+where you have the identical stimulus
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+where you have the identical stimulus
+but you were varying the degree of
+
+ align:start position:0%
+but you were varying the degree of
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+but you were varying the degree of
+awareness but another way i need you
+
+ align:start position:0%
+awareness but another way i need you
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+awareness but another way i need you
+guys to pass out the glasses
+
+ align:start position:0%
+guys to pass out the glasses
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+guys to pass out the glasses
+you want to both do that different sides
+
+ align:start position:0%
+you want to both do that different sides
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+you want to both do that different sides
+okay so i'm going to show you
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay so i'm going to show you
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay so i'm going to show you
+a stimulus these guys are going to pass
+
+ align:start position:0%
+a stimulus these guys are going to pass
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+a stimulus these guys are going to pass
+around glasses let me say in advance i
+
+ align:start position:0%
+around glasses let me say in advance i
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+around glasses let me say in advance i
+want them back i use these every year so
+
+ align:start position:0%
+want them back i use these every year so
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+want them back i use these every year so
+drop them off here when you leave
+
+ align:start position:0%
+drop them off here when you leave
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+drop them off here when you leave
+okay so what you're going to do you put
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay so what you're going to do you put
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay so what you're going to do you put
+them on either way doesn't matter
+
+ align:start position:0%
+them on either way doesn't matter
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+them on either way doesn't matter
+okay so first we're going to do optics
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay so first we're going to do optics
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay so first we're going to do optics
+nothing interesting
+
+ align:start position:0%
+nothing interesting
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+nothing interesting
+so look at this stimulus
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so look at this stimulus
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so look at this stimulus
+and close one eye
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and close one eye
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and close one eye
+okay now look at it through the glasses
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay now look at it through the glasses
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay now look at it through the glasses
+look at it through the glasses and close
+
+ align:start position:0%
+look at it through the glasses and close
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+look at it through the glasses and close
+one eye and you should see just a face
+
+ align:start position:0%
+one eye and you should see just a face
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+one eye and you should see just a face
+or just a house
+
+ align:start position:0%
+or just a house
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+or just a house
+and if you close the other eye you
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and if you close the other eye you
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and if you close the other eye you
+should see the opposite does everybody
+
+ align:start position:0%
+should see the opposite does everybody
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+should see the opposite does everybody
+get that okay that's not psychology
+
+ align:start position:0%
+get that okay that's not psychology
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+get that okay that's not psychology
+that's optics the glasses are just
+
+ align:start position:0%
+that's optics the glasses are just
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+that's optics the glasses are just
+filtering one image into one eye and
+
+ align:start position:0%
+filtering one image into one eye and
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+filtering one image into one eye and
+another image into the other eye okay
+
+ align:start position:0%
+another image into the other eye okay
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+another image into the other eye okay
+this is all this is as a way to get
+
+ align:start position:0%
+this is all this is as a way to get
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+this is all this is as a way to get
+different information to your two eyes
+
+ align:start position:0%
+different information to your two eyes
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+different information to your two eyes
+okay now just look with both eyes
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay now just look with both eyes
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay now just look with both eyes
+and don't do anything just kind of look
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and don't do anything just kind of look
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and don't do anything just kind of look
+and if anything cool happens you can
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and if anything cool happens you can
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and if anything cool happens you can
+kind of go
+
+ align:start position:0%
+kind of go
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+kind of go
+ah
+
+ align:start position:0%
+ 
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+ 
+or you can tell me what's happening just
+
+ align:start position:0%
+or you can tell me what's happening just
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+or you can tell me what's happening just
+watch doesn't always happen immediately
+
+ align:start position:0%
+watch doesn't always happen immediately
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+watch doesn't always happen immediately
+yeah quietly what's happening
+
+ align:start position:0%
+ 
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+ 
+sorry what's that
+
+ align:start position:0%
+ 
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+ 
+uh-huh
+
+ align:start position:0%
+uh-huh
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+uh-huh
+okay it changes from the house to the
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay it changes from the house to the
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay it changes from the house to the
+face only when you blink yeah quietly so
+
+ align:start position:0%
+face only when you blink yeah quietly so
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+face only when you blink yeah quietly so
+at first when i first moved on i would
+
+ align:start position:0%
+at first when i first moved on i would
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+at first when i first moved on i would
+like i saw the house and the face super
+
+ align:start position:0%
+like i saw the house and the face super
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+like i saw the house and the face super
+close
+
+ align:start position:0%
+close
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+close
+and then you told us like put one eye
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and then you told us like put one eye
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and then you told us like put one eye
+and then i would eyes again it like went
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and then i would eyes again it like went
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and then i would eyes again it like went
+from the house to a feet uh-huh
+
+ align:start position:0%
+from the house to a feet uh-huh
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+from the house to a feet uh-huh
+uh-huh and then did it stay there or
+
+ align:start position:0%
+uh-huh and then did it stay there or
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+uh-huh and then did it stay there or
+does it keep flipping
+
+ align:start position:0%
+does it keep flipping
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+does it keep flipping
+okay if this is not working for you
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay if this is not working for you
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay if this is not working for you
+don't panic there's nothing wrong with
+
+ align:start position:0%
+don't panic there's nothing wrong with
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+don't panic there's nothing wrong with
+you it's hard to get everybody's red
+
+ align:start position:0%
+you it's hard to get everybody's red
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+you it's hard to get everybody's red
+green balance the same um
+
+ align:start position:0%
+green balance the same um
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+green balance the same um
+yeah sorry question in the chardool yeah
+
+ align:start position:0%
+ 
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+ 
+ah
+
+ align:start position:0%
+ah
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+ah
+so i share your intuition i think i can
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so i share your intuition i think i can
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so i share your intuition i think i can
+choose to but there's actually a whole
+
+ align:start position:0%
+choose to but there's actually a whole
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+choose to but there's actually a whole
+literature on that and the guy i was
+
+ align:start position:0%
+literature on that and the guy i was
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+literature on that and the guy i was
+collaborating with on this project 20
+
+ align:start position:0%
+collaborating with on this project 20
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+collaborating with on this project 20
+years ago insists that actually that's a
+
+ align:start position:0%
+years ago insists that actually that's a
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+years ago insists that actually that's a
+wrong intuition you can't choose and i
+
+ align:start position:0%
+wrong intuition you can't choose and i
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+wrong intuition you can't choose and i
+said oh the hell the hell i can't
+
+ align:start position:0%
+said oh the hell the hell i can't
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+said oh the hell the hell i can't
+i'm in the scanner being your best
+
+ align:start position:0%
+i'm in the scanner being your best
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+i'm in the scanner being your best
+subject ever because i'm switching
+
+ align:start position:0%
+subject ever because i'm switching
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+subject ever because i'm switching
+exactly when you want me to switch don't
+
+ align:start position:0%
+exactly when you want me to switch don't
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+exactly when you want me to switch don't
+tell me i can't switch he said no the
+
+ align:start position:0%
+tell me i can't switch he said no the
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+tell me i can't switch he said no the
+literature says you don't anyway i don't
+
+ align:start position:0%
+literature says you don't anyway i don't
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+literature says you don't anyway i don't
+know the latest on that yeah
+
+ align:start position:0%
+know the latest on that yeah
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+know the latest on that yeah
+kind of related to switching that it
+
+ align:start position:0%
+kind of related to switching that it
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+kind of related to switching that it
+feels a lot harder to see the house in
+
+ align:start position:0%
+feels a lot harder to see the house in
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+feels a lot harder to see the house in
+the face
+
+ align:start position:0%
+the face
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+the face
+yeah
+
+ align:start position:0%
+ 
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+ 
+yes it's not optimally set up so that
+
+ align:start position:0%
+yes it's not optimally set up so that
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+yes it's not optimally set up so that
+it's perfect for each really the reason
+
+ align:start position:0%
+it's perfect for each really the reason
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+it's perfect for each really the reason
+i do this is to amuse myself looking at
+
+ align:start position:0%
+i do this is to amuse myself looking at
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+i do this is to amuse myself looking at
+all of you with you
+
+ align:start position:0%
+all of you with you
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+all of you with you
+thank you um
+
+ align:start position:0%
+thank you um
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+thank you um
+okay
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay
+so you can keep looking or not but i'm
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so you can keep looking or not but i'm
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so you can keep looking or not but i'm
+going to tell you what's going on here
+
+ align:start position:0%
+going to tell you what's going on here
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+going to tell you what's going on here
+the cool thing about this is when if it
+
+ align:start position:0%
+the cool thing about this is when if it
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+the cool thing about this is when if it
+didn't switch for you the person is is
+
+ align:start position:0%
+didn't switch for you the person is is
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+didn't switch for you the person is is
+there anybody for whom it didn't switch
+
+ align:start position:0%
+there anybody for whom it didn't switch
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+there anybody for whom it didn't switch
+one okay so maybe your color vision or
+
+ align:start position:0%
+one okay so maybe your color vision or
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+one okay so maybe your color vision or
+who knows what but anyway
+
+ align:start position:0%
+who knows what but anyway
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+who knows what but anyway
+okay if it doesn't switch there's
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay if it doesn't switch there's
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay if it doesn't switch there's
+nothing wrong with you the percept
+
+ align:start position:0%
+nothing wrong with you the percept
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+nothing wrong with you the percept
+everyone else has is it just flips every
+
+ align:start position:0%
+everyone else has is it just flips every
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+everyone else has is it just flips every
+few seconds from one to the other okay
+
+ align:start position:0%
+few seconds from one to the other okay
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+few seconds from one to the other okay
+so what's cool about this is when it
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so what's cool about this is when it
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so what's cool about this is when it
+switches nothing changes on your retina
+
+ align:start position:0%
+switches nothing changes on your retina
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+switches nothing changes on your retina
+only your state of awareness changes
+
+ align:start position:0%
+only your state of awareness changes
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+only your state of awareness changes
+and that gives us a wonderful level
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and that gives us a wonderful level
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and that gives us a wonderful level
+lever to study what goes on in the brain
+
+ align:start position:0%
+lever to study what goes on in the brain
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+lever to study what goes on in the brain
+when awareness switch is unconfounded
+
+ align:start position:0%
+when awareness switch is unconfounded
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+when awareness switch is unconfounded
+from the stimulus
+
+ align:start position:0%
+from the stimulus
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+from the stimulus
+okay
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay
+it's like varying attention but it's
+
+ align:start position:0%
+it's like varying attention but it's
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+it's like varying attention but it's
+more powerful
+
+ align:start position:0%
+more powerful
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+more powerful
+so of course
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so of course
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so of course
+we put people in the scanner we pop
+
+ align:start position:0%
+we put people in the scanner we pop
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+we put people in the scanner we pop
+mostly me and a few others but anyway we
+
+ align:start position:0%
+mostly me and a few others but anyway we
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+mostly me and a few others but anyway we
+popped ourselves in the scanner we just
+
+ align:start position:0%
+popped ourselves in the scanner we just
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+popped ourselves in the scanner we just
+taped these things on our forehead nice
+
+ align:start position:0%
+taped these things on our forehead nice
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+taped these things on our forehead nice
+low-tech experiment we looked at that
+
+ align:start position:0%
+low-tech experiment we looked at that
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+low-tech experiment we looked at that
+exact stimulus okay
+
+ align:start position:0%
+exact stimulus okay
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+exact stimulus okay
+and we scanned the brain while people
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and we scanned the brain while people
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and we scanned the brain while people
+sat there watching the stimulus flip
+
+ align:start position:0%
+sat there watching the stimulus flip
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+sat there watching the stimulus flip
+back and forth okay
+
+ align:start position:0%
+back and forth okay
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+back and forth okay
+so this is a stimulus for the whole
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so this is a stimulus for the whole
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so this is a stimulus for the whole
+experiment this is the percept it
+
+ align:start position:0%
+experiment this is the percept it
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+experiment this is the percept it
+switches back and forth the subject has
+
+ align:start position:0%
+switches back and forth the subject has
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+switches back and forth the subject has
+a little button box so they can say now
+
+ align:start position:0%
+a little button box so they can say now
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+a little button box so they can say now
+i see the face now i see the house
+
+ align:start position:0%
+i see the face now i see the house
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+i see the face now i see the house
+now of course the choice of a face in a
+
+ align:start position:0%
+now of course the choice of a face in a
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+now of course the choice of a face in a
+house was not random
+
+ align:start position:0%
+house was not random
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+house was not random
+why did we choose a face in a house so
+
+ align:start position:0%
+why did we choose a face in a house so
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+why did we choose a face in a house so
+that we could look at the response in
+
+ align:start position:0%
+that we could look at the response in
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+that we could look at the response in
+the ffa and the ppa
+
+ align:start position:0%
+the ffa and the ppa
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+the ffa and the ppa
+ffa loves faces hates houses ppa loves
+
+ align:start position:0%
+ffa loves faces hates houses ppa loves
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+ffa loves faces hates houses ppa loves
+houses hates faces perfect right
+
+ align:start position:0%
+houses hates faces perfect right
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+houses hates faces perfect right
+so the question is are they going to
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so the question is are they going to
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so the question is are they going to
+switch when your percept switches even
+
+ align:start position:0%
+switch when your percept switches even
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+switch when your percept switches even
+though nothing's changing on your retina
+
+ align:start position:0%
+though nothing's changing on your retina
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+though nothing's changing on your retina
+what do you guys think
+
+ align:start position:0%
+what do you guys think
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+what do you guys think
+switch or switch how many people think
+
+ align:start position:0%
+switch or switch how many people think
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+switch or switch how many people think
+it's going to switch
+
+ align:start position:0%
+it's going to switch
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+it's going to switch
+how many people think it's not going to
+
+ align:start position:0%
+how many people think it's not going to
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+how many people think it's not going to
+switch
+
+ align:start position:0%
+switch
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+switch
+a few okay all right so that's what we
+
+ align:start position:0%
+a few okay all right so that's what we
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+a few okay all right so that's what we
+did
+
+ align:start position:0%
+did
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+did
+here is now the raw mri time course
+
+ align:start position:0%
+here is now the raw mri time course
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+here is now the raw mri time course
+averaged over the ffa an average over
+
+ align:start position:0%
+averaged over the ffa an average over
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+averaged over the ffa an average over
+the ppa
+
+ align:start position:0%
+the ppa
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+the ppa
+for one
+
+ align:start position:0%
+for one
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+for one
+five minute experiment or three minute
+
+ align:start position:0%
+five minute experiment or three minute
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+five minute experiment or three minute
+experiment in one subject probably me i
+
+ align:start position:0%
+experiment in one subject probably me i
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+experiment in one subject probably me i
+forget
+
+ align:start position:0%
+forget
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+forget
+again stimulus is the same the whole
+
+ align:start position:0%
+again stimulus is the same the whole
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+again stimulus is the same the whole
+time the letters are the times when the
+
+ align:start position:0%
+time the letters are the times when the
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+time the letters are the times when the
+the subject pressed a button
+
+ align:start position:0%
+the subject pressed a button
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+the subject pressed a button
+and you can sort of get a sense that
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and you can sort of get a sense that
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and you can sort of get a sense that
+there's a little bit of a
+
+ align:start position:0%
+there's a little bit of a
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+there's a little bit of a
+maybe like here's a face the ffa
+
+ align:start position:0%
+maybe like here's a face the ffa
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+maybe like here's a face the ffa
+response goes up here again house goes
+
+ align:start position:0%
+response goes up here again house goes
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+response goes up here again house goes
+up but it's kind of hard to tell
+
+ align:start position:0%
+up but it's kind of hard to tell
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+up but it's kind of hard to tell
+so really the way to analyze these data
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so really the way to analyze these data
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so really the way to analyze these data
+is to take
+
+ align:start position:0%
+is to take
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+is to take
+all the face-to-house flips
+
+ align:start position:0%
+all the face-to-house flips
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+all the face-to-house flips
+right
+
+ align:start position:0%
+right
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+right
+and align them in signal average to get
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and align them in signal average to get
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and align them in signal average to get
+rid of noise
+
+ align:start position:0%
+rid of noise
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+rid of noise
+okay so we can look at the what happens
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay so we can look at the what happens
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay so we can look at the what happens
+at you know before and after a switch
+
+ align:start position:0%
+at you know before and after a switch
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+at you know before and after a switch
+from face to house and what happens in
+
+ align:start position:0%
+from face to house and what happens in
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+from face to house and what happens in
+the opposite direction switch everybody
+
+ align:start position:0%
+the opposite direction switch everybody
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+the opposite direction switch everybody
+get the idea
+
+ align:start position:0%
+get the idea
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+get the idea
+it's just a way to clean up the noise
+
+ align:start position:0%
+it's just a way to clean up the noise
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+it's just a way to clean up the noise
+here
+
+ align:start position:0%
+here
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+here
+and here's what happens
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and here's what happens
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and here's what happens
+this is time zero the subject presses a
+
+ align:start position:0%
+this is time zero the subject presses a
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+this is time zero the subject presses a
+button
+
+ align:start position:0%
+button
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+button
+saying that their percept has flipped
+
+ align:start position:0%
+saying that their percept has flipped
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+saying that their percept has flipped
+between a house to a face
+
+ align:start position:0%
+between a house to a face
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+between a house to a face
+the response in the ffa shoots up and
+
+ align:start position:0%
+the response in the ffa shoots up and
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+the response in the ffa shoots up and
+the response in the ppa shoots down
+
+ align:start position:0%
+the response in the ppa shoots down
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+the response in the ppa shoots down
+that cool
+
+ align:start position:0%
+that cool
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+that cool
+okay now why
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay now why
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay now why
+are these peaks and valleys um
+
+ align:start position:0%
+are these peaks and valleys um
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+are these peaks and valleys um
+after the button press
+
+ align:start position:0%
+ 
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+ 
+yeah it's fmri there's a delayed signal
+
+ align:start position:0%
+yeah it's fmri there's a delayed signal
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+yeah it's fmri there's a delayed signal
+right
+
+ align:start position:0%
+right
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+right
+okay
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay
+this is harder why do they come back
+
+ align:start position:0%
+this is harder why do they come back
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+this is harder why do they come back
+together out there
+
+ align:start position:0%
+ 
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+ 
+yeah because it flips back
+
+ align:start position:0%
+yeah because it flips back
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+yeah because it flips back
+it flips back
+
+ align:start position:0%
+it flips back
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+it flips back
+and all we've done is signal average to
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and all we've done is signal average to
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and all we've done is signal average to
+one button press but they're different
+
+ align:start position:0%
+one button press but they're different
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+one button press but they're different
+durations of percepts sometimes it lasts
+
+ align:start position:0%
+durations of percepts sometimes it lasts
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+durations of percepts sometimes it lasts
+three seconds sometimes it lasts 10
+
+ align:start position:0%
+three seconds sometimes it lasts 10
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+three seconds sometimes it lasts 10
+seconds everything in between by the
+
+ align:start position:0%
+seconds everything in between by the
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+seconds everything in between by the
+time you're 12 seconds out most people
+
+ align:start position:0%
+time you're 12 seconds out most people
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+time you're 12 seconds out most people
+have flipped again that's why it goes
+
+ align:start position:0%
+have flipped again that's why it goes
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+have flipped again that's why it goes
+back
+
+ align:start position:0%
+back
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+back
+okay makes sense
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay makes sense
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay makes sense
+um
+
+ align:start position:0%
+ 
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+ 
+i don't know and i'm not sure that that
+
+ align:start position:0%
+i don't know and i'm not sure that that
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+i don't know and i'm not sure that that
+was generally true i hadn't noticed that
+
+ align:start position:0%
+was generally true i hadn't noticed that
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+was generally true i hadn't noticed that
+before but we should scrutinize the
+
+ align:start position:0%
+before but we should scrutinize the
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+before but we should scrutinize the
+images i can't actually remember if this
+
+ align:start position:0%
+images i can't actually remember if this
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+images i can't actually remember if this
+was averaged over subjects or if this is
+
+ align:start position:0%
+was averaged over subjects or if this is
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+was averaged over subjects or if this is
+one subject i suspect that's a fluke but
+
+ align:start position:0%
+one subject i suspect that's a fluke but
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+one subject i suspect that's a fluke but
+we could look at it and see
+
+ align:start position:0%
+we could look at it and see
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+we could look at it and see
+okay so the point of all of this
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay so the point of all of this
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay so the point of all of this
+is that we can that these regions the
+
+ align:start position:0%
+is that we can that these regions the
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+is that we can that these regions the
+face area and the place area care about
+
+ align:start position:0%
+face area and the place area care about
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+face area and the place area care about
+what you are experiencing unconfounded
+
+ align:start position:0%
+what you are experiencing unconfounded
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+what you are experiencing unconfounded
+from what's hitting your retina
+
+ align:start position:0%
+from what's hitting your retina
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+from what's hitting your retina
+right they are reflecting the contents
+
+ align:start position:0%
+right they are reflecting the contents
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+right they are reflecting the contents
+of your awareness not just what's coming
+
+ align:start position:0%
+of your awareness not just what's coming
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+of your awareness not just what's coming
+into your eyes
+
+ align:start position:0%
+into your eyes
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+into your eyes
+which is cool
+
+ align:start position:0%
+which is cool
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+which is cool
+um okay
+
+ align:start position:0%
+um okay
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+um okay
+so that shows that these regions kind of
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so that shows that these regions kind of
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so that shows that these regions kind of
+track awareness
+
+ align:start position:0%
+track awareness
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+track awareness
+okay
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay
+but can we find any evidence
+
+ align:start position:0%
+but can we find any evidence
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+but can we find any evidence
+for perception without awareness using
+
+ align:start position:0%
+for perception without awareness using
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+for perception without awareness using
+neuroimaging
+
+ align:start position:0%
+neuroimaging
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+neuroimaging
+okay
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay
+so to make this point i'm going to
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so to make this point i'm going to
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so to make this point i'm going to
+accelerate slightly but i think there's
+
+ align:start position:0%
+accelerate slightly but i think there's
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+accelerate slightly but i think there's
+just barely time
+
+ align:start position:0%
+just barely time
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+just barely time
+there are lots and lots of studies of
+
+ align:start position:0%
+there are lots and lots of studies of
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+there are lots and lots of studies of
+this genre and i'll tell you about one
+
+ align:start position:0%
+this genre and i'll tell you about one
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+this genre and i'll tell you about one
+so i'm going to show you i'm going to
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so i'm going to show you i'm going to
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so i'm going to show you i'm going to
+flash up a very rapid series of digits
+
+ align:start position:0%
+flash up a very rapid series of digits
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+flash up a very rapid series of digits
+you have to get ready to write write
+
+ align:start position:0%
+you have to get ready to write write
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+you have to get ready to write write
+stuff down
+
+ align:start position:0%
+stuff down
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+stuff down
+your task is to
+
+ align:start position:0%
+your task is to
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+your task is to
+see if there are any letters in the
+
+ align:start position:0%
+see if there are any letters in the
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+see if there are any letters in the
+digit there might be zero there might be
+
+ align:start position:0%
+digit there might be zero there might be
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+digit there might be zero there might be
+one there might be a few write down any
+
+ align:start position:0%
+one there might be a few write down any
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+one there might be a few write down any
+letters you see it's going to go by
+
+ align:start position:0%
+letters you see it's going to go by
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+letters you see it's going to go by
+really fast okay everyone ready
+
+ align:start position:0%
+really fast okay everyone ready
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+really fast okay everyone ready
+okay
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay
+here we go
+
+ align:start position:0%
+ 
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+ 
+okay write down any letters you may have
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay write down any letters you may have
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay write down any letters you may have
+seen
+
+ align:start position:0%
+seen
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+seen
+okay
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay
+all right
+
+ align:start position:0%
+all right
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+all right
+let's do another one everyone ready
+
+ align:start position:0%
+ 
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+ 
+okay write down any letters you may have
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay write down any letters you may have
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay write down any letters you may have
+seen
+
+ align:start position:0%
+seen
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+seen
+okay
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay
+okay
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay
+raise your hand if you saw both the a
+
+ align:start position:0%
+raise your hand if you saw both the a
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+raise your hand if you saw both the a
+and the p in the first sequence
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and the p in the first sequence
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and the p in the first sequence
+a few of you less than half
+
+ align:start position:0%
+a few of you less than half
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+a few of you less than half
+raise your hand if you saw both the x
+
+ align:start position:0%
+raise your hand if you saw both the x
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+raise your hand if you saw both the x
+and the h and the second almost everyone
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and the h and the second almost everyone
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and the h and the second almost everyone
+all right well i cheated slightly but i
+
+ align:start position:0%
+all right well i cheated slightly but i
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+all right well i cheated slightly but i
+never mind how i cheated but the way you
+
+ align:start position:0%
+never mind how i cheated but the way you
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+never mind how i cheated but the way you
+cheat in demos you guys will be teaching
+
+ align:start position:0%
+cheat in demos you guys will be teaching
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+cheat in demos you guys will be teaching
+someday
+
+ align:start position:0%
+someday
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+someday
+you have the one you want people to get
+
+ align:start position:0%
+you have the one you want people to get
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+you have the one you want people to get
+wrong first it's total cheat so slightly
+
+ align:start position:0%
+wrong first it's total cheat so slightly
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+wrong first it's total cheat so slightly
+cheated but if you do it right
+
+ align:start position:0%
+cheated but if you do it right
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+cheated but if you do it right
+didn't work last year that's why i
+
+ align:start position:0%
+didn't work last year that's why i
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+didn't work last year that's why i
+cheated anyway if you even if you do it
+
+ align:start position:0%
+cheated anyway if you even if you do it
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+cheated anyway if you even if you do it
+right in the lab you get a really strong
+
+ align:start position:0%
+right in the lab you get a really strong
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+right in the lab you get a really strong
+effect
+
+ align:start position:0%
+effect
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+effect
+where when there was only one digit
+
+ align:start position:0%
+where when there was only one digit
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+where when there was only one digit
+between the a and the p in the first
+
+ align:start position:0%
+between the a and the p in the first
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+between the a and the p in the first
+sequence
+
+ align:start position:0%
+sequence
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+sequence
+and it's like your brain is still
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and it's like your brain is still
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and it's like your brain is still
+dealing with the a when the p comes
+
+ align:start position:0%
+dealing with the a when the p comes
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+dealing with the a when the p comes
+along you just don't even see the p
+
+ align:start position:0%
+along you just don't even see the p
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+along you just don't even see the p
+you're looking for letters you don't see
+
+ align:start position:0%
+you're looking for letters you don't see
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+you're looking for letters you don't see
+it
+
+ align:start position:0%
+it
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+it
+whereas there were three digits between
+
+ align:start position:0%
+whereas there were three digits between
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+whereas there were three digits between
+the x and the h
+
+ align:start position:0%
+the x and the h
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+the x and the h
+in the second sequence and just to show
+
+ align:start position:0%
+in the second sequence and just to show
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+in the second sequence and just to show
+you some real data
+
+ align:start position:0%
+you some real data
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+you some real data
+um so this has been done lots of
+
+ align:start position:0%
+um so this has been done lots of
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+um so this has been done lots of
+different ways here's an example of this
+
+ align:start position:0%
+different ways here's an example of this
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+different ways here's an example of this
+experiment and this is the percent of
+
+ align:start position:0%
+experiment and this is the percent of
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+experiment and this is the percent of
+the time that people get the second
+
+ align:start position:0%
+the time that people get the second
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+the time that people get the second
+letter when they don't have to report
+
+ align:start position:0%
+letter when they don't have to report
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+letter when they don't have to report
+the first well first one's colored right
+
+ align:start position:0%
+the first well first one's colored right
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+the first well first one's colored right
+so you either have to report the colored
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so you either have to report the colored
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so you either have to report the colored
+letter and detect the letter after it or
+
+ align:start position:0%
+letter and detect the letter after it or
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+letter and detect the letter after it or
+just detect the letter after the colored
+
+ align:start position:0%
+just detect the letter after the colored
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+just detect the letter after the colored
+thing so if you don't have to report the
+
+ align:start position:0%
+thing so if you don't have to report the
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+thing so if you don't have to report the
+first one there's no dip in accuracy oh
+
+ align:start position:0%
+first one there's no dip in accuracy oh
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+first one there's no dip in accuracy oh
+sorry this is a function of the distance
+
+ align:start position:0%
+sorry this is a function of the distance
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+sorry this is a function of the distance
+between the two items in the sequence
+
+ align:start position:0%
+between the two items in the sequence
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+between the two items in the sequence
+but if you do there's a big dip
+
+ align:start position:0%
+but if you do there's a big dip
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+but if you do there's a big dip
+that's maximal with uh one intervening
+
+ align:start position:0%
+that's maximal with uh one intervening
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+that's maximal with uh one intervening
+item
+
+ align:start position:0%
+item
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+item
+yeah
+
+ align:start position:0%
+yeah
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+yeah
+okay
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay
+um well here it says two or three but
+
+ align:start position:0%
+um well here it says two or three but
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+um well here it says two or three but
+anyway
+
+ align:start position:0%
+anyway
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+anyway
+um
+
+ align:start position:0%
+um
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+um
+okay so that's called the attentional
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay so that's called the attentional
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay so that's called the attentional
+blink and the idea is there isn't a
+
+ align:start position:0%
+blink and the idea is there isn't a
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+blink and the idea is there isn't a
+physical blink of the eyes but your
+
+ align:start position:0%
+physical blink of the eyes but your
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+physical blink of the eyes but your
+attention system is tied up processing
+
+ align:start position:0%
+attention system is tied up processing
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+attention system is tied up processing
+the first target and it doesn't get the
+
+ align:start position:0%
+the first target and it doesn't get the
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+the first target and it doesn't get the
+second one
+
+ align:start position:0%
+second one
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+second one
+okay so there are dozens probably
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay so there are dozens probably
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay so there are dozens probably
+hundreds of papers on this phenomenon
+
+ align:start position:0%
+hundreds of papers on this phenomenon
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+hundreds of papers on this phenomenon
+it's pretty cool
+
+ align:start position:0%
+it's pretty cool
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+it's pretty cool
+but for present purposes we're going to
+
+ align:start position:0%
+but for present purposes we're going to
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+but for present purposes we're going to
+use it to say
+
+ align:start position:0%
+use it to say
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+use it to say
+does that unseen second target get into
+
+ align:start position:0%
+does that unseen second target get into
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+does that unseen second target get into
+the brain
+
+ align:start position:0%
+the brain
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+the brain
+presumably it lands on the retina
+
+ align:start position:0%
+presumably it lands on the retina
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+presumably it lands on the retina
+because you didn't blink so it probably
+
+ align:start position:0%
+because you didn't blink so it probably
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+because you didn't blink so it probably
+got there probably got the v1 how far up
+
+ align:start position:0%
+got there probably got the v1 how far up
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+got there probably got the v1 how far up
+the system did it get
+
+ align:start position:0%
+the system did it get
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+the system did it get
+can you think of how we might test this
+
+ align:start position:0%
+can you think of how we might test this
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+can you think of how we might test this
+using functional mri
+
+ align:start position:0%
+using functional mri
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+using functional mri
+how would we see how far
+
+ align:start position:0%
+how would we see how far
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+how would we see how far
+that's those stimuli go in an experiment
+
+ align:start position:0%
+that's those stimuli go in an experiment
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+that's those stimuli go in an experiment
+like this
+
+ align:start position:0%
+ 
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+ 
+what would we use what would we measure
+
+ align:start position:0%
+what would we use what would we measure
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+what would we use what would we measure
+the mri response to
+
+ align:start position:0%
+the mri response to
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+the mri response to
+how could we design a version of this
+
+ align:start position:0%
+how could we design a version of this
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+how could we design a version of this
+that you could do with functional mri
+
+ align:start position:0%
+ 
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+ 
+we need some mri response
+
+ align:start position:0%
+we need some mri response
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+we need some mri response
+where if we get that response
+
+ align:start position:0%
+where if we get that response
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+where if we get that response
+we know that it's a response to a given
+
+ align:start position:0%
+we know that it's a response to a given
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+we know that it's a response to a given
+stimulus
+
+ align:start position:0%
+ 
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+ 
+what would we measure
+
+ align:start position:0%
+what would we measure
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+what would we measure
+and what stimuli would we use
+
+ align:start position:0%
+ 
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+ 
+basis or something yeah
+
+ align:start position:0%
+basis or something yeah
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+basis or something yeah
+it's always the same yeah phases and
+
+ align:start position:0%
+it's always the same yeah phases and
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+it's always the same yeah phases and
+houses
+
+ align:start position:0%
+houses
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+houses
+lots of ways to do this but
+
+ align:start position:0%
+lots of ways to do this but
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+lots of ways to do this but
+it's not even my experiment in the used
+
+ align:start position:0%
+it's not even my experiment in the used
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+it's not even my experiment in the used
+faces and houses okay so they did a
+
+ align:start position:0%
+faces and houses okay so they did a
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+faces and houses okay so they did a
+version of that very same thing there's
+
+ align:start position:0%
+version of that very same thing there's
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+version of that very same thing there's
+a bunch of garbage flashing on
+
+ align:start position:0%
+a bunch of garbage flashing on
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+a bunch of garbage flashing on
+early on there's a face the subjects
+
+ align:start position:0%
+early on there's a face the subjects
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+early on there's a face the subjects
+have to say which of those three faces
+
+ align:start position:0%
+have to say which of those three faces
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+have to say which of those three faces
+they've studied it is and then after
+
+ align:start position:0%
+they've studied it is and then after
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+they've studied it is and then after
+that a scene comes on or it doesn't come
+
+ align:start position:0%
+that a scene comes on or it doesn't come
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+that a scene comes on or it doesn't come
+on
+
+ align:start position:0%
+on
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+on
+okay they have to just say was there a
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay they have to just say was there a
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay they have to just say was there a
+scene
+
+ align:start position:0%
+scene
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+scene
+first of all which face was it and was
+
+ align:start position:0%
+first of all which face was it and was
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+first of all which face was it and was
+there a scene afterwards
+
+ align:start position:0%
+there a scene afterwards
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+there a scene afterwards
+okay so it's a variant to the thing you
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay so it's a variant to the thing you
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay so it's a variant to the thing you
+just did so here's the behavioral data
+
+ align:start position:0%
+just did so here's the behavioral data
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+just did so here's the behavioral data
+if you don't have to report the face
+
+ align:start position:0%
+if you don't have to report the face
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+if you don't have to report the face
+then you are very accurate reporting the
+
+ align:start position:0%
+then you are very accurate reporting the
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+then you are very accurate reporting the
+scene if you do have to report the face
+
+ align:start position:0%
+scene if you do have to report the face
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+scene if you do have to report the face
+then you're very you're very bad at it
+
+ align:start position:0%
+then you're very you're very bad at it
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+then you're very you're very bad at it
+if the scene comes right after but if
+
+ align:start position:0%
+if the scene comes right after but if
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+if the scene comes right after but if
+there's a big interval in between you do
+
+ align:start position:0%
+there's a big interval in between you do
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+there's a big interval in between you do
+okay with the c same thing we saw before
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay with the c same thing we saw before
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay with the c same thing we saw before
+but now with faces and scenes okay
+
+ align:start position:0%
+but now with faces and scenes okay
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+but now with faces and scenes okay
+that's a behavioral data
+
+ align:start position:0%
+that's a behavioral data
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+that's a behavioral data
+what do you see in the ppa right the
+
+ align:start position:0%
+what do you see in the ppa right the
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+what do you see in the ppa right the
+second target is always a scene
+
+ align:start position:0%
+second target is always a scene
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+second target is always a scene
+so what you see in the ppa
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so what you see in the ppa
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so what you see in the ppa
+here's a response in the ppa
+
+ align:start position:0%
+here's a response in the ppa
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+here's a response in the ppa
+to that second scene
+
+ align:start position:0%
+to that second scene
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+to that second scene
+if it's a hit that is if you detect it
+
+ align:start position:0%
+if it's a hit that is if you detect it
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+if it's a hit that is if you detect it
+right you correctly say yes there was a
+
+ align:start position:0%
+right you correctly say yes there was a
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+right you correctly say yes there was a
+scene in that trial
+
+ align:start position:0%
+scene in that trial
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+scene in that trial
+here's a response with a correct reject
+
+ align:start position:0%
+here's a response with a correct reject
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+here's a response with a correct reject
+there was no scene in that trial and you
+
+ align:start position:0%
+there was no scene in that trial and you
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+there was no scene in that trial and you
+correctly said there was not okay so
+
+ align:start position:0%
+correctly said there was not okay so
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+correctly said there was not okay so
+that difference shows you the response
+
+ align:start position:0%
+that difference shows you the response
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+that difference shows you the response
+in the ppa to a scene
+
+ align:start position:0%
+in the ppa to a scene
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+in the ppa to a scene
+that you've seen that you detected
+
+ align:start position:0%
+that you've seen that you detected
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+that you've seen that you detected
+consciously
+
+ align:start position:0%
+consciously
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+consciously
+but here's the critical case
+
+ align:start position:0%
+but here's the critical case
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+but here's the critical case
+i don't know why there's a little pop up
+
+ align:start position:0%
+i don't know why there's a little pop up
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+i don't know why there's a little pop up
+there anyway this is a case where there
+
+ align:start position:0%
+there anyway this is a case where there
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+there anyway this is a case where there
+was a scene
+
+ align:start position:0%
+was a scene
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+was a scene
+but you've said there wasn't
+
+ align:start position:0%
+but you've said there wasn't
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+but you've said there wasn't
+okay that's called a miss you missed it
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay that's called a miss you missed it
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay that's called a miss you missed it
+it was there and you didn't see it
+
+ align:start position:0%
+it was there and you didn't see it
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+it was there and you didn't see it
+and what it shows you
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and what it shows you
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and what it shows you
+is two cool things well first of all
+
+ align:start position:0%
+is two cool things well first of all
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+is two cool things well first of all
+it tells you that the more aware you are
+
+ align:start position:0%
+it tells you that the more aware you are
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+it tells you that the more aware you are
+of the stimulus the stronger response
+
+ align:start position:0%
+of the stimulus the stronger response
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+of the stimulus the stronger response
+but the crucial thing it shows you
+
+ align:start position:0%
+but the crucial thing it shows you
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+but the crucial thing it shows you
+is this difference right here which is
+
+ align:start position:0%
+is this difference right here which is
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+is this difference right here which is
+significant this is a kind of perception
+
+ align:start position:0%
+significant this is a kind of perception
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+significant this is a kind of perception
+without awareness
+
+ align:start position:0%
+without awareness
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+without awareness
+you did not detect the scene you said
+
+ align:start position:0%
+you did not detect the scene you said
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+you did not detect the scene you said
+there was no scene but your ppa detected
+
+ align:start position:0%
+there was no scene but your ppa detected
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+there was no scene but your ppa detected
+the difference
+
+ align:start position:0%
+the difference
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+the difference
+everybody get that
+
+ align:start position:0%
+everybody get that
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+everybody get that
+so we have evidence for perception by
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so we have evidence for perception by
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so we have evidence for perception by
+the ppa at least
+
+ align:start position:0%
+the ppa at least
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+the ppa at least
+of a scene without awareness
+
+ align:start position:0%
+of a scene without awareness
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+of a scene without awareness
+does that make sense
+
+ align:start position:0%
+does that make sense
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+does that make sense
+so there are many many studies like this
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so there are many many studies like this
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+so there are many many studies like this
+that kind of
+
+ align:start position:0%
+that kind of
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+that kind of
+take it every which way this is just one
+
+ align:start position:0%
+take it every which way this is just one
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+take it every which way this is just one
+little example of how you can use
+
+ align:start position:0%
+little example of how you can use
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+little example of how you can use
+neuroimaging to ask you know how far up
+
+ align:start position:0%
+neuroimaging to ask you know how far up
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+neuroimaging to ask you know how far up
+the system does an unseen stimulus get
+
+ align:start position:0%
+the system does an unseen stimulus get
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+the system does an unseen stimulus get
+make sense
+
+ align:start position:0%
+make sense
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+make sense
+okay so we are about out of time um and
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay so we are about out of time um and
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+okay so we are about out of time um and
+i i just gave you a little taste of some
+
+ align:start position:0%
+i i just gave you a little taste of some
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+i i just gave you a little taste of some
+of the work on neural correlates of
+
+ align:start position:0%
+of the work on neural correlates of
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+of the work on neural correlates of
+awareness
+
+ align:start position:0%
+awareness
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+awareness
+showing you with binocular rivalry a
+
+ align:start position:0%
+showing you with binocular rivalry a
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+showing you with binocular rivalry a
+neural response that's correlated with
+
+ align:start position:0%
+neural response that's correlated with
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+neural response that's correlated with
+awareness unconfounded from the stimulus
+
+ align:start position:0%
+awareness unconfounded from the stimulus
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+awareness unconfounded from the stimulus
+uncoupling again perceptual awareness
+
+ align:start position:0%
+uncoupling again perceptual awareness
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+uncoupling again perceptual awareness
+from what's hitting your retin-a
+
+ align:start position:0%
+from what's hitting your retin-a
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+from what's hitting your retin-a
+and in the case of the attentional blink
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and in the case of the attentional blink
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+and in the case of the attentional blink
+some evidence for perceptual
+
+ align:start position:0%
+some evidence for perceptual
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+some evidence for perceptual
+representation without awareness
+
+ align:start position:0%
+representation without awareness
+ 
+
+ align:start position:0%
+representation without awareness
+okay
\ No newline at end of file