mkd-chanwoo/normalized-datasets-for-koreanLLM

Normalized Datasets for Korean LLM

Stage 0.5 — Normalization output of the Keural Korean LLM pretraining pipeline. Raw text from 38 source datasets converted into a single unified JSONL schema. No filtering has been applied. This is the clean, structured raw form.

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Quick Stats

Metric	Value
Total documents normalized	~836,302,981
Number of source datasets	38
Domains	English, Korean, Code, Science
Format	JSONL (one JSON object per line)
Schema version	v2
Pipeline stage	Stage 0.5 (after download, before filtering)
Last updated	2026-04-20

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Where This Fits in the Pipeline

Stage 0               Stage 0.5             Stage 1               Stage 2
Raw Download    -->   Normalization   -->   Filtering       -->   Dedup + Shard
~1.5 TB               ~836M docs            ~649M docs            ~549B tokens
                      (YOU ARE HERE)

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What Is Normalization?

Each source dataset stores text in a different format and field name. For example, Gutenberg uses the field name TEXT, but CCNews uses plain_text, and StarCoderData uses content.

Normalization solves this by:

1. Reading each source dataset in its original format
2. Extracting the text from its specific field
3. Writing everything into one unified schema with the same field names
4. Adding metadata like domain, language, doc_id, license

After normalization, all downstream stages (filtering, deduplication) work on one consistent format regardless of the original source.

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Source Datasets & Field Mappings

English Domain

Dataset Key	HuggingFace Source	Source Field	Docs Normalized	Language
gutenberg	sedthh/gutenberg_english	TEXT	48,284	en
openwebtext	Skylion007/openwebtext	text	8,013,769	en
ccnews	stanford-oval/ccnews	plain_text	71,629,440	en
falcon-refinedweb	tiiuae/falcon-refinedweb	content	59,839,870	en
fineweb	HuggingFaceFW/fineweb	text	56,181,731	en
fineweb_edu	HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu	text	57,121,167	en
hplt_english_1	HPLT/HPLT2.0_cleaned	text	24,520,357	en
hplt_english_2	HPLT/HPLT2.0_cleaned	text	16,085,779	en
hplt_english_3	HPLT/HPLT2.0_cleaned	text	22,951,515	en
wikipedia	wikimedia/wikipedia config: 20231101.en	text	6,407,814	en

Korean Domain

Dataset Key	Source	Source Field	Docs Normalized	Language
namuwiki	heegyu/namuwiki-extracted	text	565,293	ko
wikipedia_ko	lcw99/wikipedia-korean-20240501	text	515,425	ko
oscar_ko_only	lcw99/oscar-ko-only	text	3,675,420	ko
korean_webtext	HAERAE-HUB/KOREAN-WEBTEXT	text	1,284,878	ko
hplt_korean	HPLT/HPLT2.0_cleaned	text	38,866,835	ko
culturax_ko	uonlp/CulturaX	text	17,072,188	ko
c4_korean	allenai/c4	text	15,618,718	ko
cc100_documents_korean	singletongue/cc100-documents	text	35,678,358	ko
fineweb2_korean	HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-2	text	59,423,122	ko
wanjuan_korean	opendatalab/WanJuan-Korean	content	68,894,937	ko
aihub_modu	AIHub — Korean government open data (local)	parsed from AIHub format	58,997	ko
aihub_books	AIHub — Korean government open data (local)	parsed from AIHub format	5,823	ko
aihub_online_colloquial	AIHub — Korean government open data (local)	parsed from AIHub format	22,859	ko
aihub_korean_corpus_literature	AIHub — Korean government open data (local)	parsed from AIHub format	908	ko

Code Domain

Dataset Key	HuggingFace Source	Source Field	Docs Normalized	Language
github-top-code	ronantakizawa/github-top-code	content	1,121,474	en (code)
codeparrot_clean	codeparrot/codeparrot-clean	content	5,365,659	en (code)
starcoderdata	bigcode/starcoderdata	content	42,191,832	en (code)
the_stack_c	bigcode/the-stack	content	21,383,810	en (code)
the_stack_java	bigcode/the-stack	content	31,222,087	en (code)
the_stack_python	bigcode/the-stack	content	24,214,204	en (code)

Science Domain

Dataset Key	HuggingFace Source	Source Field	Docs Normalized	Language
arxiv	KiteFishAI/arxiv-tex-corpus-full	text	1,089,469	en
open-web-math	open-web-math/open-web-math	text	6,315,233	en
peS2o	allenai/peS2o	text	69,950,435	en
s2orc	sentence-transformers/s2orc	abstract	43,180,281	en
algebraic_stack	typeof/algebraic-stack	text	3,440,226	en
fiwebmath_4plus	HuggingFaceTB/finemath	text	6,699,493	en
pubmed_abstracts	casinca/PUBMED_title_abstracts_2019_baseline	text	15,517,555	en
open_med_text	ywchoi/OpenMedText	text	127,736	en

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Total Documents by Domain

Domain	Docs Normalized	% of Total
English	322,799,726	38.6%
Korean	241,683,761	28.9%
Code	125,499,066	15.0%
Science	146,320,428	17.5%
Total	836,302,981	100%

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Normalization Process

Source File                Read original format         Extract text from
(HuggingFace / AIHub)  --> (JSONL / Parquet / TXT)  --> dataset-specific field
                                                         (TEXT / text / content / plain_text)
         |
         v
Assign doc_id           Write unified JSONL          Update checkpoint
= source_name + index   with full metadata       --> (resumable mid-stream)

Normalization is resumable. Each dataset tracks line_index and doc_id in a checkpoint file, so if the process is interrupted, it resumes exactly where it left off.

What normalization does NOT do:

• Does not modify or clean text content
• Does not filter documents
• Does not deduplicate
• Does not re-encode or translate
• Only reshapes structure and adds metadata

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Unified Document Schema

Every document in this repository follows this exact schema:

{
  "doc_id":             "gutenberg_000000042",
  "source_name":        "gutenberg",
  "domain":             "english",
  "language":           "en",
  "text":               "The full original text of the document...",
  "url":                "https://source-url.com/page (if available, else null)",
  "license":            "Public Domain",
  "source_file":        "data/raw/gutenberg/train-00000-of-00001.parquet",
  "source_index":       42,
  "timestamp":          "2026-03-15T08:22:11Z",
  "processing_version": "v2"
}

Field Descriptions

Field	Type	Description
doc_id	string	Unique ID: {source_name}_{source_index}
source_name	string	Dataset key (e.g. gutenberg, ccnews)
domain	string	One of: english, korean, code, science
language	string	ISO 639-1 code: en or ko
text	string	Raw document text (unmodified from source)
url	string or null	Original URL if provided by source dataset
license	string	Source dataset license
source_file	string	Local path to the source file it was read from
source_index	int	Row index within that source file
timestamp	string or null	Publication date/time if available in source
processing_version	string	Pipeline version (v2)

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Normalization Statistics (Seen vs Written)

"Seen" = total rows read from source. "Written" = successfully normalized. Rows not written are rows that failed to parse (malformed JSON, empty text, encoding errors).

Dataset	Seen	Written	Normalized Rate
aihub_books	5,974	5,823	97.5%
aihub_korean_corpus_literature	3,276,057	908	0.0% (field mismatch)
aihub_modu	117,994	58,997	50.0% (deduped at read)
aihub_online_colloquial	45,894	22,859	49.8% (deduped at read)
algebraic_stack	3,440,694	3,440,226	~100%
arxiv	1,089,469	1,089,469	100%
c4_korean	15,618,718	15,618,718	100%
cc100_documents_korean	35,678,358	35,678,358	100%
ccnews	71,629,440	71,629,440	100%
codeparrot_clean	5,365,659	5,365,659	100%
culturax_ko	20,557,310	20,557,309	~100%
falcon-refinedweb	59,839,870	59,839,870	100%
fineweb	81,595,324	81,595,324	100%
fineweb2_korean	60,904,429	60,904,429	100%
fineweb_edu	57,121,167	57,121,167	100%
fiwebmath_4plus	6,699,493	6,699,493	100%
github-top-code	1,122,139	1,121,474	~100%
gutenberg	48,285	48,284	~100%
hplt_english_1	37,128,244	37,128,244	100%
hplt_english_2	16,085,779	16,085,779	100%
hplt_english_3	22,951,515	22,951,515	100%
hplt_korean	38,866,835	38,866,835	100%
korean_webtext	1,284,879	1,284,878	~100%
namuwiki	565,293	565,293	100%
open-web-math	6,315,233	6,315,233	100%
open_med_text	127,736	127,736	100%
openwebtext	8,013,769	8,013,769	100%
oscar_ko_only	3,675,421	3,675,420	~100%
peS2o	69,950,435	69,950,435	100%
pubmed_abstracts	15,518,009	15,517,555	~100%
s2orc	89,455,939	89,455,939	100%
starcoderdata	42,191,832	42,191,832	100%
the_stack_c	21,383,832	21,383,810	~100%
the_stack_java	42,429,211	42,429,204	~100%
the_stack_python	24,214,270	24,214,204	~100%
wanjuan_korean	68,894,938	68,894,937	~100%
wikipedia (en)	6,407,814	6,407,814	100%
wikipedia_ko	515,425	515,425	100%

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Tokenizer Used for Token Counting

All tokens_count values in this dataset are computed using the Keural SentencePiece tokenizer:

• Model: mkd-ai/keural-tokenizer
• Type: SentencePiece (Unigram)
• Vocabulary file: keural_tokenizer.vocab
• Model file: keural_tokenizer.model

This is the same tokenizer used by the Keural LLM model.

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Download & Processing Timeline

Event	Date (KST)
Download of first datasets begins	2026-04-01
Normalization of first batch complete	2026-04-08
Initial 19 datasets normalized	2026-04-09
Additional datasets added (19 more)	2026-04-10 through 2026-04-19
All 38 datasets normalized	2026-04-20

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Licenses

This dataset contains content from multiple sources with mixed licenses. Each source retains its original license.

Dataset	License	Commercial Use
gutenberg	Public Domain	Yes
openwebtext	MIT	Yes
ccnews	Unknown	Caution
falcon-refinedweb	ODC-By 1.0	Caution (copyright unclear)
fineweb	ODC-By	Yes
fineweb_edu	ODC-By	Yes
fineweb2_korean	ODC-By	Yes
hplt_english_1/2/3	CC0-1.0	Yes
wikipedia (en)	CC-BY-SA 3.0	Yes (with attribution)
namuwiki	CC BY-NC-SA 2.0 KR	No (non-commercial only)
wikipedia_ko	Apache-2.0	Yes
oscar_ko_only	Open (Common Crawl)	Yes
korean_webtext	Unspecified	Caution
hplt_korean	CC0-1.0	Yes
culturax_ko	Mixed (mC4 / OSCAR / CC)	Caution
c4_korean	ODC-By	Yes
cc100_documents_korean	MIT	Yes
wanjuan_korean	Apache-2.0	Yes
aihub_modu	AIHub Terms of Use	No (research only)
aihub_books	AIHub Terms of Use	No (research only)
aihub_online_colloquial	AIHub Terms of Use	No (research only)
aihub_korean_corpus_literature	AIHub Terms of Use	No (research only)
github-top-code	MIT	Yes (permissive only repos)
codeparrot_clean	Permissive (filtered GitHub)	Yes
starcoderdata	BigCode OpenRAIL-M	Restricted
the_stack_c	BigCode OpenRAIL-M	Restricted
the_stack_java	BigCode OpenRAIL-M	Restricted
the_stack_python	BigCode OpenRAIL-M	Restricted
arxiv	MIT	Caution (individual paper copyright)
open-web-math	ODC-By 1.0	Yes
peS2o	ODC-By	Yes
s2orc	ODC-By	Yes
algebraic_stack	MIT	Yes
fiwebmath_4plus	ODC-By	Yes
pubmed_abstracts	CC0 (NLM/PubMed)	Yes
open_med_text	Various (medical open access)	Caution

License Notice: This repository inherits mixed licenses from its source datasets. Please review the license of each individual source before commercial or research use.

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Related Repositories

Repo	Stage	Description
This repo	Stage 0.5	Normalized raw data
mkd-chanwoo/filtered-datasets-for-koreanLLM	Stage 1	Quality + language + toxicity filtered
mkd-chanwoo/keural-datasets	Stage 2	Final deduplicated + sharded production data
mkd-chanwoo/simplemodel-270M	Model	LLM trained on this pipeline's output