TinyBrainBot-360M-A75M-v5.1-Base

A mixture-of-experts base model trained from scratch on 17.9B tokens: 383M parameters in total, 75M active per token (24 experts per layer, 4 used per token). It loads as a standard MixtralForCausalLM (no custom code). It replaces TinyBrainBot-360M-A75M-v4.1-MoE-Base, with a new final training stage built around school-level knowledge, and it beats it on every Open SLM Leaderboard task.

Scores

Zero-shot, full test sets, acc_norm; (raw acc) underneath. Intelligence Index from the Open SLM Leaderboard.

Model Params Int Index HellaSwag ARC-E ARC-C PIQA ArithMark-3
TinyBrainBot-360M-A75M-v5.1-Base (this model) 383M (75M active) 29.76 38.68 58.96 36.18 68.01 53.00
  (raw acc) 27.93 32.75 64.60 33.36 67.68 53.00
TinyBrainBot-360M-A75M-v4.1-MoE-Base (previous) 383M (75M active) 24.40 37.27 55.64 32.34 66.32 42.00
GPT-X3-150M 149M 33.05 46.2 59.6 31.3 71.3 50.9
Boris-2-Preview-2 144M 30.58 46.6 59.1 30.2 70.8 42.2
KLM-1.5 99M 30.26 43.7 59.7 32.7 68.5 48.2
Sol Pro 138M 28.60 46.7 54.0 31.8 71.0 36.0

Other models' numbers are from the leaderboard.

Arithmetic it never trained on

On 1,380 held-out arithmetic problems in topics and wordings the model never saw, it scores 47.3, close to its public ArithMark-3 of 53.0.

Quick start

from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoTokenizer
tok = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("nkthebass/tinybrainbot-360m-a75m-v5.1-base")
model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained("nkthebass/tinybrainbot-360m-a75m-v5.1-base")
ids = tok("The water cycle begins when the sun heats water in oceans and lakes, causing it to", return_tensors="pt")
print(tok.decode(model.generate(**ids, max_new_tokens=30, do_sample=False, repetition_penalty=1.0)[0]))

GGUF files for llama.cpp, LM Studio, Ollama and Jan: F16 (768 MB), Q8_0 (409 MB) and Q4_K_M (239 MB). Greedy output matches transformers token for token.

This is a base model: it continues text and does not chat. Its chat version, TinyBrainBot-360M-A75M-v5.1-Instruct, is in the TinyBrainBot v5.1 collection.

Model

Parameters 383.4M total; 75.7M active non-embedding per token + 24.6M tied embedding
Shape hidden 768, 12 layers, 12 query heads of 64 with 4 KV heads (GQA), RMSNorm, RoPE
Experts 24 SwiGLU experts of width 512 per layer, top-4 routing
Vocabulary 32,000 SentencePiece; line breaks are kept in this version (earlier TinyBrainBot models on this tokenizer never saw them)
Context 2,048 tokens

Training

17.9B tokens: 16.7B of pretraining at constant learning rate, then a new 1.2B-token decay.

Pretraining (16.7B) Share
Educational web: FineWeb-Edu, DCLM, finepdfs-edu 44%
Wikipedia 13%
Books and stories: Gutenberg, BookCorpus, TinyStories 11%
Math: MegaMath, FineMath, Orca-Math 9%
Code: the-stack-smol 9%
Cosmopedia (Stanford, OpenStax, math) 7%
Q&A, facts and reasoning (our distilled sets) 7%
Decay (1.2B) Share
Q&A and facts: our distilled sets, GooAQ, FactBase-DCLM, finephrase FAQ, ELI5 26%
School-level textbooks: SmolLM cosmopedia-v2 and Cosmopedia, school audiences 22%
Educational and broad web: top-scored FineWeb-Edu pages, DCLM-Ultra-1.1, ClimbMix, WikiHow 22%
Wikipedia (dense and Simple English) 12%
Grade-school science Q&A 10%
Commonsense, how-to and writing (our distilled sets) 5%
Arithmetic (our drills, Orca-Math, UltraData-Math) 3%

The grade-school science Q&A (about 420k questions with short explained answers, no answer options) was written by Ling-3.0-Flash; any item sharing an 8-word phrase with an ARC question was removed before training. No benchmark train or test data was used.

Recipe: AdamW, peak LR 8e-4 with a warmup-stable-decay schedule, 262k tokens per step, fp16, 2x V100.

Evaluation

lm_eval --model hf --model_args pretrained=nkthebass/tinybrainbot-360m-a75m-v5.1-base,dtype=float32 --tasks hellaswag,arc_easy,arc_challenge,piqa --num_fewshot 0
python bencharithmark-3.py --model nkthebass/tinybrainbot-360m-a75m-v5.1-base --dtype float32

Limitations

A small base model: good at short factual and commonsense continuations for its size, but open-ended generation is limited and can be wrong. Not aligned or safety-tuned.

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